Effects of salinity on growth, physiological and anatomical traits of Passiflora species propagated from seeds and cutti
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BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY - ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of salinity on growth, physiological and anatomical traits of Passiflora species propagated from seeds and cuttings Regiana dos Santos Moura1 · Taliane Leila Soares2 · Lucas Kennedy Silva Lima3 · Hans Raj Gheyi1 · Elisson de Araujo Dias1 · Onildo Nunes de Jesus3 · Mauricio Antonio Coelho Filho3 Received: 2 September 2020 / Revised: 4 November 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract Salinity of the soil and irrigation water is one of the main factors limiting the growth of plants. The objective of this study was to assess the biometric, physiological and anatomical responses of passion fruit species Passiflora spp. propagated from cuttings and seeds under various salinity conditions. A completely randomized factorial design was used, with three species (P. edulis Sims, P. gibertii N.E.Br. and P. cincinnata Mast.), five salt concentrations (0.3, 1.8, 3.3, 4.8, and 6.3 dS m −1) and two propagation methods (cuttings and seeds), with twelve repetitions each. There was a negative effect of rising levels of NaCl for the majority of biometric and physiological traits evaluated. The species propagated from seeds presented the most severe morphophysiological and anatomical alterations under salinity. P. edulis (the most commonly cultivated species) showed the greatest morphophysiological changes under salinity, inducing larger stem diameter, chlorophyll content index, total water consumption, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, total dry weight, root dry weight/shoot dry weight ratio, root length and volume and also more severe anatomical alterations, such as midrib cell disorganization, greater thickness of palisade parenchyma, lower intercellular volume in the spongy parenchyma and greater deposition of calcium oxalate in the leaves and roots. On the other hand, the wild species, P. cincinnata and P. gibertii, were more tolerant to salinity, with less severe biometric, physiological and anatomical changes. Keywords Electrical conductivity · Irrigation water salinity · Passion fruit propagation · Sodium chloride salinity tolerance
* Mauricio Antonio Coelho Filho mauricio‑[email protected] Regiana dos Santos Moura [email protected] Taliane Leila Soares [email protected] Lucas Kennedy Silva Lima [email protected] Hans Raj Gheyi [email protected] Elisson de Araujo Dias [email protected] Onildo Nunes de Jesus [email protected] 1
Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas 44380‑000, Brazil
2
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036‑900, Brazil
3
Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380‑000, Brazil
1 Introduction Among the major abiotic stresses, soil and water salinity pose a serious threat to limit yield in agriculture all over the world, and are particularly critical in semi-arid and arid regions (Waqas et al. 2019; Minhas et al. 2020). In 2019, Brazil was the leading global producer of passion fruit with output of
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