Tort Law of the European Community

This publication deals with the European dimension of tort law. It provides a critical analysis of the acquis communautaire, asking if and to what extent the provisions and case law in the field of tort law are based on a conclusive system and are in acco

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Tort and Insurance Law Vol. 23 Edited by the

Research Unit for European Tort Law of the Austrian Academy of Sciences together with the

European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law

Helmut Koziol Reiner Schulze (eds.) Tort Law of the European Community With Contributions by Luisa Antoniolli Bjarte Askeland Isabelle C. Durant Josep Solé Feliu Monika Hinteregger Geraint Howells Thomas Kadner Graziano Denis N. Kelliher Markus Kellner Bernhard A. Koch Helmut Koziol Meinhard Lukas Ulrich Magnus Miquel Martín-Casals

Christoph Oertel Ken Oliphant André Pereira Robert Rebhahn W.V.H. Rogers Reiner Schulze Luboš Tichý Stefano Troiano Vibe Ulfbeck Antoni Vaquer Martin Weitenberg Pierre Widmer Mark Wissink

SpringerWienNewYork

Austrian Academy of Sciences Research Unit for European Tort Law Reichsratsstraße 17/2 1080 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43 1 4277 29650 Fax: +43 1 4277 29670 E-Mail: [email protected] European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law Reichsratsstraße 17/2 1010 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43 1 4277 29650 Fax: +43 1 4277 29670 E-Mail: [email protected] This work is published with the financial support of the “Jubiläumsfonds” of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) (The central bank of the Republic of Austria) Project no. 10575 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 2008 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Germany Springer-Verlag Wien New York is part of Springer Science + Business Media springer.at Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for the information contained in this book. This also refers to that on drug dosage and application thereof. In each individual case the respective user must check the accuracy of the information given by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Typesetting: Composition & Design Services, Minsk, Belarus Printing and binding: Strauss GmbH, 69509 Mörlenbach, Germany Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12212705 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008924471

ISSN 1616-8623

ISBN 978-3-211-77585-1 SpringerWienNewYork

PREFACE The Europeanization of private law is always in progress. While its political dimension has – following the European Commission’s “Action Plan” from 2003 (Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council “A More Coherent European Contract Law – An Action Plan”, COM (2003) final) – hitherto mainly focused on contract law, groups of researchers have – in line with the postulation in the European Parliament resolution on the approximation of the civil and commercial law of the Member States, COM (2001) 398 – started “to find common legal concepts and solutions” also for “the law governing non-contractual obligations (tort, law of restitution)”. The European Group on Tort Law presented its Principles of European Tort Law (PETL) with commentaries in 2005 (European Gr