Toward a materials-conservation ethic
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Toward a Materials-Conservation Ethic
HERBERT
H. KELLOGG
W i t h t h e p a s s a g e of t i m e w e m u s t i n c r e a s i n g l y r e l y o n m a t e r i a l r e s o u r c e s of l o w e r grade, decreased accessibility and less desirable type. Such raw materials require g r e a t e r i n p u t s of c a p i t a l a n d e n e r g y , a n d g r e a t e r e n v i r o n m e n t a l s t r e s s , p e r u n i t of u s e f u l product, for mining and processing. Increasing energy prices and necessary costs for e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n will c o m p o u n d the d i f f i c u l t y of s a t i s f y i n g o u r f u t u r e m a t e r i a l s needs. A strong materials-conservation ethic is proposed as a necessary foundation for a stable future for materials. T h i s w i l l r e q u i r e s o m e c h a n g e s in l i f e - s t y l e a s w e l l a s d e v e l o p m e n t of a p p r o p r i a t e n e w t e c h n o l o g y . R e t u r n a b l e v s o n e - w a y b e v e r a g e - c o n t a i n e r s y s t e m s a r e d i s c u s s e d a s a n e x a m p l e of e f f i c i e n t v s i n e f f i c i e n t u s e of m a t e r i a l s , e n e r g y and the environment.
INTRODUCTION
f o u n d e r s of t h i s L e c t u r e s h i p s p e c i f i e d t h a t i t s p u r p o s e s h o u l d b e t o " c l a r i f y t h e r o l e of m a t e r i a l s e n g i n e e r i n g a n d t e c h n o l o g y in s o c i e t y in its b r o a d e s t
sense." A special lecture with such a purpose, sponsored by our two leading materials societies, imp l i e s a n e e d not s a t i s f i e d by o u r n o r m a l e x c h a n g e of technical-scientific information. E a c h y e a r it b e c o m e s m o r e e v i d e n t t h a t o u r e f f o r t s t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e b e h a v i o r of d i s l o c a t i o n s a n d m i c r o structures, or to develop improved processes for metal extraction and fabrication, possess implications for society far beyond any previous understanding.
HERBERT H. KELLOGG, a native New Yorker, received his training in metallurgy at Columbia University (B.S. 1941, M.S. 1942). From 1942 to 46 he was Assistant Professor of Mineral Preparation at the Pennsylvania State University. He joined the Columbia University faculty in 1946 as Assistant Professor of Extractive Metallurgy. He was made Associate Professor in 1951 and Professor in 1956. In 1968 he was honored by appointment as Stanley-]]mmpson Professor of Chemical Metallurgy, a post that he still holds today. Professor Kelloggis the author of about seventy technical publications relating to the chemistry of metallurgical processes and the economics and energy requirements for metal production. His research interests currently involve the thermodynamic properties of molten mattes and slags, the modelling of metal production processes and the search for new process concepts that promise reduction in energy requirements and abatement of enviromnental pollution. Over the years he has been active as a consultant to industry in areas of research planning,
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