Towards a Critical Realist Methodology
The chapter explains the choice of research design and the methodological framework employed in the research for this monograph. It begins with a discussion of the dimensions of the research problem, explores the value of quantitative and qualitative appr
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Thinking Seriously About Gangs
Paul Andell
Thinking Seriously About Gangs Towards a Critical Realist Approach
Paul Andell University of Suffolk Ipswich, Suffolk, UK
ISBN 978-3-030-12890-6 ISBN 978-3-030-12891-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12891-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019931743 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: gettyimages-118366782-170667a This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To my fam: Julie you are more wonderful than you know or let on; Shola and Reuben keep fighting the power in what ever way you see fit; Val and Kevin, keep living the dream and avoiding nightmares; Danielle and Dominique I hope your productivity and creativity pays off; Dad your stories from the coal face were and are an inspiration, you are always a steadying hand when things wobble too much: Jeff and Mam, RIP.
Foreword
In the United States ‘youth gangs’ have been a target of criminological research since the at least the 1920s. Not so in the UK. Despite the media and ‘social commentators’ periodically claiming to have seen Americanstyle ‘violent youth gangs’, until recently, British criminologists had found no little or no evidence (cf. Downes 1966). In the mid 1990s, having visited the United States, Peter Stelfox (1998) a police officer, embarked upon a national survey for the Home Office to see if he could find any. Although he elicited a remarkable 91.45% response rate to his questionnaire, only sixteen police services were able to identify gangs in their area, yielding a national total of 72
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