Towards continuous industrial bioprocessing with solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia: challenges, progress and persp
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BIOENERGY/BIOFUELS/BIOCHEMICALS - REVIEW
Towards continuous industrial bioprocessing with solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia: challenges, progress and perspectives Charlotte Anne Vees1 · Christian Simon Neuendorf1 · Stefan Pflügl1 Received: 31 May 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The sustainable production of solvents from above ground carbon is highly desired. Several clostridia naturally produce solvents and use a variety of renewable and waste-derived substrates such as lignocellulosic biomass and gas mixtures containing H2/CO2 or CO. To enable economically viable production of solvents and biofuels such as ethanol and butanol, the high productivity of continuous bioprocesses is needed. While the first industrial-scale gas fermentation facility operates continuously, the acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is traditionally operated in batch mode. This review highlights the benefits of continuous bioprocessing for solvent production and underlines the progress made towards its establishment. Based on metabolic capabilities of solvent producing clostridia, we discuss recent advances in systems-level understanding and genome engineering. On the process side, we focus on innovative fermentation methods and integrated product recovery to overcome the limitations of the classical one-stage chemostat and give an overview of the current industrial bioproduction of solvents. Keywords Cell retention and immobilization · Systems biology and genome-scale metabolic models · Complex and renewable feedstocks · Gas fermentation · Integrated product recovery
Introduction The Paris Agreement adopted in 2016 displays an international effort to reduce carbon emissions and promotes the development of new sustainable processes for fuel and chemical production using “above ground” carbon as feedstocks [149]. To implement sustainable and economically viable processes towards the establishment of a circular bioeconomy, the use of cheap and abundant carbon sources such as municipal solid waste, lignocellulosic biomass and Charlotte Anne Vees and Christian Simon Neuendorf equal contribution. * Stefan Pflügl [email protected] Charlotte Anne Vees [email protected] Christian Simon Neuendorf [email protected] 1
Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
steel mill exhaust gas must be favored over expensive and edible carbon sources like starch [149, 292]. Solventogenic clostridia can grow on a variety of hexose and pentose sugars and produce relevant solvents such as ethanol, butanol and acetone. The Weizmann process was implemented more than a hundred years ago [255], making solventogenic clostridia long-known production hosts of the industrial biotechnology. Acetogens can grow on mixtures of CO, CO2 and H 2 which can be obtained directly from furnaces of steel mills or through the gasification of various carbon-rich w
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