Towards Sustainable Cities in China Analysis and Assessment of Some
To promote China’s sustainable city construction and development, this Brief has preliminarily used an assessment indicator system and development index of a sustainable city, based on a summary and analysis of the existing Sustainable City theories and p
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Jingzhu Zhao
Towards Sustainable Cities in China Analysis and Assessment of Some Chinese Cities in 2008
Jingzhu Zhao Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Urban Environment 1799 Jimei Road Xiamen 361021 China [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-8242-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-8243-8 DOI 10.1007/ 978-1-4419-8243-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London # Jingzhu Zhao 2011
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Preface
The year of 2008 is of special importance in human history, when for the first time the world’s urban population exceeded the rural population (United Nations Population Fund 2008), and marking the breakthrough of humankind into an urbandominated society. In a moment of such importance, it is necessary for us to review, research, and assess the urban development process and development model evolution. The birth of the world’s earliest city is generally deemed to have occurred around 3500 BC. For various reasons, the early urbanization process was quite slow for a long period, and by 1800 the world’s urban population only accounted for about 10% of the total population, with this proportion increasing to about 15% in 1900. Along with city generation and development, people have kept asking the question: following which theory or model should the cities be built and developed? Especially, in the last 100 years, along with the accelerating urbanization process and its emerging issues, many people have put forward a variety of urbanization development theories or models from different angles, and the Sustainable City is one that has achieved a profound influence. People have made quite a few interpretations of Sustainable City from different perspectives. It is generally considered that Sustainable City refers to urban life quality improvement in terms of ecology, culture, politics, mechanism, society, and economy, while leaving no burden to future generations. In short, a sustainable city is one that can provide and ensure sustainable welfare for its residents with the capacity of maintaining and improving its ecosystem services. Since the policy of reform and opening up in early 1980s, China’s urbanization has developed rapidly, with the urban
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