Towards Sustainable Mariculture: some Global Trends
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Towards Sustainable Mariculture: some Global Trends Ryhane Lounas 1 & Hamza Kasmi 2 & Safia Chernai 1 & Nadia Amarni 1 & Louiza Ghebriout 3 & Nabila Meslem-Haoui 1 & Boualem Hamdi 1,3 Received: 24 December 2019 / Revised: 22 March 2020 / # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Globally, aquaculture is making an increasingly contribution to food security, to increase fish production for a growing global population; aquaculture must grow sustainably at the same time. Commonly, intensive aquaculture in all its aspect affects his environment, in order to provide consumers with a safe and high quality product, waste resulting from high-intensity mariculture is an item that must be considered, so in this review, some practices for sustainable mariculture will be discussed. The use of probiotics is an important tool for sustainable mariculture and it is inevitable that mariculture farming mitigate to more environmentally friendly practices depends on the local context and market demand. The future of seafood production is likely to focus on mariculture, bearing in mind that the protection of the planet and its natural resources (water, biodiversity, climate, etc.) is a key factor in the pursuit of sustainable development in the aquaculture sector. Keywords Effluent . Mariculture . Purification technologies . Sustainable management
Introduction Organic and inorganic pollutants in marine waters present a threat to the aquatic environment, with effects such as acute or chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms, accumulation in ecosystems, loss of habitat and biodiversity, and risks to human health (Tovar et al. 2000; Demirak 2006; Jiang et al. 2014). Many farms release their wastes into the neighboring regions (Burns et al. 2014), Predicting the impact of a farming operation on the environment requires knowledge and quantification of the different sources of pollution (Read and Fernandes 2003; Bougherira et al. 2014; Tayeb et al. 2015) (oxygen consumption, excretion, non-consumed food...), while being informed of
the variations according to the different environmental conditions and the farmed species. The metabolic activity of aquatic organisms may under high-density conditions, produce changes in water chemistry that would rarely be expected to observe in natural habitat (Bao et al. 2018). Studies conducted in temperate regions and in the Mediterranean have indicated that mariculture mainly impacts water quality and generates sediment enrichment (Apostolaki et al. 2007; Holmer et al. 2008; Farmaki et al. 2014; Zhulay et al. 2015). Commonly, intensive aquaculture in all its aspect affects his environment (Holmer et al. 2007; Sara and Archirafi 2007; Burns et al. 2014),sometimes even severely (Hu et al. 2014), but also farm species could be affected by the local environmental conditions (Dapueto et al. 2015).
* Ryhane Lounas [email protected] Hamza Kasmi [email protected]
Boualem Hamdi [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Conservation and Valorization of Marine Resources, National Higher School of Marine Science a
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