Towards sustainable performance of urban horticulture: ten challenging fields of action for modern integrated pest manag
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PERSPECTIVES PAPER
Towards sustainable performance of urban horticulture: ten challenging fields of action for modern integrated pest management in cities Falko Feldmann1 · Ute Vogler1 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract We identified ten current key challenges for plant protection in cities each of them belonging to a specific field of action of IPM in urban horticulture according to Directive 2009/128/EC. The challenges are: appropriate plant selection, microbiome engineering, nutrient recycling, smart, digital solutions, diversification of vegetation, avoidance of pesticide side effects on beneficials, biorational efficacy assessment, effective pest diagnosis, efficient outbreak control and holistic approaches. They are discussed on the background of the defined urban horticultural core sectors (a) public green infrastructure, including professional plant care, (b) professional field and greenhouse production systems and (c) non-professional private homegardens and allotments. Keywords Urban horticulture · Integrated pest management · IPM in cities
Introduction Urban horticulture is one of the most important socioeconomic sectors for future city designs (Edmondson et al. 2020) combining economical, ecological and societal demands. The balance of these demands leads to sustainability. Production of plants used in cities, including food, is re-discovered in city planning currently. Being part of typical cities for centuries and forgotten over decades, more and more city designers have space in mind for horticultural plant production (Edmondson et al. 2020). As city, we understand urban areas including the closer peri-urban space. While the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines peri-urban agriculture as "agriculture practices around cities which compete for resources (land, water, energy, labour) that could also serve other purposes to satisfy the requirements of the urban population (FAO 1998), we here share the conceptual view of the Nottingham and Liverpool Universities (1998). The * Falko Feldmann falko.feldmann@julius‑kuehn.de 1
Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst – Julius Kühn-Institut, Messeweg 11‑12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
peri-urban interface is generally considered as a transitional zone between city and countryside, often described “not [as] a discrete area, but rather [as] a diffuse territory identified by combinations of features and phenomena, generated largely by activities within the urban zone proper”. For us, therefore, the plant production zone with direct contact to the city belonging to a pre-urban transitional zone is called periurban zone. One of the characteristics is the direct marketing of fresh produce on local markets in the city. Urban horticulture provides cultivated plants for the city and secures their sustainable use, including plant care. The recycling and post-use fate of horticultural plants defines the borderline to urban bioeconomy based on higher plants. Urban horticulture cove
