Trace elements in water, sediment and commonly consumed fish from a fish farm (NE Zimbabwe) and risk assessments
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Trace elements in water, sediment and commonly consumed fish from a fish farm (NE Zimbabwe) and risk assessments A. Kanda1 · F. Ncube2 · R. R. Mabote1 · T. Mudzamiri1 · K. Kunaka3 · M. Dhliwayo3 Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Limited information is available on trace element-water contamination and health risk assessment of small-scale intensive fish farming in low-income settings. Such information creates awareness among fish consumers, policy makers and the scientific community, regarding dietary exposure and health risks for not well-reported settings. The concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements in water, sediment and fish (T. rendalli, O. nitloticus and M. salmoides) were determined by spectrometry. The ecological and potential human health risks were assessed for Magobo dam, NE Zimbabwe, using the Hakanson ecological approach and the United States Environmental Protection Agency risk-assessment model, respectively. Concentrations in water and sediment appeared to increase in the order: cadmium
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