Tracing the Magnetization Curves: a Review on Their Importance, Strategy, and Outcomes
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REVIEW
Tracing the Magnetization Curves: a Review on Their Importance, Strategy, and Outcomes Elangbam Chitra Devi 1
&
Shougaijam Dorendrajit Singh 1
Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This article gives a review on some important experimental studies on the magnetization curves using different theoretical models. Applications of the law of approach to saturation magnetization and Langevin function to various kinds of magnetic materials belonging to different groups such as ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, antiferromagnetic, superparamagnetic materials at various experimental conditions, applied field ranges, and their dependencies on the applied field are collectively reviewed. Extraction of important magnetic parameters by fitting magnetization data with suitable models and their variation with composition, morphologies, size etc. along with the strategies adopted are also discussed. The purpose and outcomes of such studies along with future scope are also highlighted in this review. Keywords Magnetization curves . Law of approach to saturation . Superparamagnetism . Langevin function . Magnetic materials
1 Introduction The ever increasing growth of material science leads to the production of important varieties of materials which find applications in different fields [1, 2]. Technological developments strongly rely on the advancement of these materials exhibiting certain desirable properties. Among the various kinds of materials, magnetic materials occupy an important place in a wide range of fields namely biomedical applications [2], lithography [3], degradation of organic dyes [4, 5], memory devices, waste water treatment technology [6, 7], photocatalysis [8, 9], MRI contrasting agents, hyperthermia [10, 11], adsorption of heavy toxic metals [12], ferrofluid technology [13], and microwave devices [14]. First-hand information on magnetization curves gives the basic information on their magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization, retentivity, and coercivity of the materials. Also, the shapes of the curves (loops) reveal about their magnetic characteristics such as hardness, loss factor etc. which in turn are useful in bringing them to applications [15-18]. Apart from
* Elangbam Chitra Devi [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India
these, many theoretical models which attempt to describe the magnetization curves have been developed for describing the behaviour of magnetic materials [19-23]. On the other hand, a detailed experimental investigation on the magnetization curves were reported to provide certain intrinsic parameters such as anisotropy constant and information on magnetic microstructures [24-29]. In the past 10 years, an increased research work in the investigation on the magnetization curves of different types of magnetic materials with different forms was found to be reported [30-38]. Depending upon the particular type
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