Transcriptome analysis of pellicle formation of Shewanella oneidensis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Transcriptome analysis of pellicle formation of Shewanella oneidensis Yili Liang · Haichun Gao · Xue Guo · Jingrong Chen · Guanzhou Qiu · Zhili He · Jizhong Zhou · Xueduan Liu
Received: 16 November 2011 / Revised: 8 December 2011 / Accepted: 12 December 2011 / Published online: 7 January 2012 © Springer-Verlag 2012
Abstract Although the pellicle is one of the major growth modes of microorganisms, the metabolic features of pellicle cells and the determinative factors for pellicle formation are largely unknown. In recent years, bioWlm development of Shewanella oneidensis, an important model organism for bioremediation studies, has been extensively studied. In this paper, a transcriptional proWling of pellicle cells relative to planktonic cells indicated that cells in pellicles were more metabolically active than the planktonic cells. Most notably, up-transcription of general secretion system proteins and iron/heme uptake and transport proteins was observed in pellicle cells. Unexpectedly, neither the hmuT nor hugA heme transport mutant exhibited a signiWcant defect in pellicle formation. Expectedly, three type I secretion system mutants were severely deWcient in pellicle formation, suggesting an essential role of these proteins.
Communicated by Shuang-Jiang Liu. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-011-0782-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Y. Liang · X. Guo · G. Qiu · X. Liu (&) School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Liang · H. Gao · J. Chen · Z. He · J. Zhou Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA H. Gao College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, People’s Republic of China
Keywords Pellicle · Shewanella oneidensis · Type I secretion system
Introduction The air–liquid interface is a selectively advantageous niche for aerobes due to the accessibility to oxygen. Various species of aerobes (e.g. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas Xuorescens) form a bioWlm-like structure, pellicle, at air–liquid interface (Kobayashi 2007; Solano et al. 2002; Spiers et al. 2003). In recent years, the subject of microbial pellicles has drawn a lion share of attention since it is easily studied and adaptable for mutant screens (Guvener and McCarter 2003). As a special form of bioWlms, pellicles might be composed of bacterial cells embedded in a matrix formed by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which consist of proteins, polysaccharide, humic acid, and DNA (Whitchurch et al. 2002). Secreted proteins and exopolysaccharide productions profoundly inXuenced pellicle development in a number of organisms (Guvener and McCarter 2003; Kumagai et al. 2011). Transposon insertion mutants of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were obtained with defects in genes aVecting multiple cell surface characteristics, including extracellular polysacc
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