Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems New Findings and A

This book presents an internationally comprehensive perspective into the field of complex systems.  It explores the challenges of and approaches to complexity from a broad range of disciplines, including big data, health care, medicine, mathematics,

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ansdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems New Findings and Approaches

Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems

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Franz-Josef Kahlen • Shannon Flumerfelt • Anabela Alves Editors

Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems New Findings and Approaches

Editors Franz-Josef Kahlen Kahlen Global Professional Solutions Gronau Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa

Shannon Flumerfelt Department of Organizational Leadership School of Education and Human Services Oakland University Rochester, MI USA

Anabela Alves Department of Production and Systems School of Engineering University of Minho Campus of Azure´m Guimar~aes Portugal

ISBN 978-3-319-38754-3 ISBN 978-3-319-38756-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-38756-7

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947786 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland

Foreword

A few years ago, a group of colleagues representing different parts of the aerospace industry were lamenting the current state of our development programs and the prevalent trend of rising costs and significant schedule delays across the industry. We agreed that increasing complexity was a consistent characteristic for many of our under-performing programs. Being the good engineers that we were, we first looked at the technical root causes leading to the increased complexity. We specifically looked at how we, as an industry, approached Systems Engineering thinking and accountability. We thought we would find that we were not effectively addressing the complexity of our systems or that we were unwittingly introducing complexity into our systems. What we found was it was a bit of both in addition to contributors outside of our control. To start this discussion, we decided to host a Compl