Protein Import into Complex Plastids: Current Findings and Perspectives
Transport of proteins across either two, three, four, or even five membranes is a feature of plastids, which evolved via the engulfment of a phototrophic eukaryote by another eukaryotic cell (secondary/tertiary endosymbiosis). Although emerging data are h
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Abstract Transport of proteins across either two, three, four, or even five membranes is a feature of plastids, which evolved via the engulfment of a phototrophic eukaryote by another eukaryotic cell (secondary/tertiary endosymbiosis). Although emerging data are helpful for a mechanistic explanation of protein transport across the membranes surrounding secondary plastids, several questions still have to be answered. Here, we describe the recent models concerning protein import into secondary plastids and discuss their implications. Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preprotein Transport Across the Membranes of Secondary Plastids: A Brief Summary of the Status Quo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open Questions on Preprotein Transport into Complex Plastids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crossing the Outermost Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Integration of Proteins into the Outermost Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Role of the N-Terminal Targeting Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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C. Grosche • F. Hempel • U.G. Maier (*) Laboratorium fu¨r Zellbiologie, Philipps-Universita¨t Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany LOEWE-Zentrum fu¨r Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SynMikro), Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] K. Bolte • S. Zauner Laboratorium fu¨r Zellbiologie, Philipps-Universita¨t Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany L. Abram Laboratorium fu¨r Zellbiologie, Philipps-Universita¨t Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany Institut fu¨r Zell- und Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Universita¨t Bielefeld, Universita¨tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany W. Lo¨ffelhardt (ed.), Endosymbiosis, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1303-5_12, © Springer-Verlag Wien 2014
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Transport of Membrane Proteins Destined for the Second, Third, or Fourth Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPC Versus Stroma Targeting in Plastids Surrounded by Four Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recycling the Old for Generating the New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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