Transforming waste disposals into building materials to investigate energy savings and carbon emission mitigation potent
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Transforming waste disposals into building materials to investigate energy savings and carbon emission mitigation potential Chelliah Arumugam 1 & Saboor Shaik 1 Received: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work aims to enhance the energy cost-saving potential of conventional mud-brick by including natural waste materials as insulators. The solid waste materials considered for mud bricks are rice husk, sawdust, coir pith, and fly ash. This work investigates the structural and thermoeconomic performance of four types of insulated mud bricks and three roofs of ferrocement, clay, and ceramic materials. The thermal properties of walls and roofs were measured as per ASTM D 5334 standards. The utilization of solid waste in mud bricks enhanced the structural properties and air-conditioning cost-saving potential of the mud bricks. The results also showed the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions with the usage of insulated bricks for buildings. The rice husk mud-brick wall showed better results of higher time lag, lower decrement factor, higher air-conditioning cost-savings, acceptable payback periods, and higher annual carbon mitigation values of 11.11 h, 0.24, 1.74 $/m2, 1.17 years, and 33.35 kg/ kWh, respectively, among all the studied multilayer walls. Among the roofs, clay tile roof showed a lower decrement factor (0.989), higher time lag (0.73 h), higher air-conditioning cost-savings (2.58 $/m2), lower payback periods (0.61 years), and higher annual carbon mitigation (21.73 kg/kWh). The results are in designing eco-friendly and energy-efficient envelopes for buildings. Keywords Energy-saving building materials . Mud bricks with waste residues . Thermoeconomic analysis . Carbon emission mitigation . Time lag
Introduction In India, almost 33% of the energy consumption is reported by the cooling/heating system of buildings (ECBC, 2017). Air conditioning leads to significant energy consumption, which contributes more to greenhouse gas emissions. In 2004–2005, India had a built-up area of 40.8 million square meters with a 10% growth every year, which in turn leads to an 8% rise in energy consumption (GRIHA, 2011). The above problem leads to the demand for high energy-efficient building materials. The insulation in the building contributes thermal comfort in the living room and CO 2 emission reduction (Petersdorff et al., 2006). In 2015, the global annual Responsible Editor: Philipp Gariguess * Saboor Shaik [email protected] 1
Department of Thermal and Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
production of bricks was around 1500 billion units, and the need for the bricks is steadily increasing (Zhang et al., 2018). Conventional bricks are made of clay with high heat kiln firing or normal portland cement concrete (OPC). In the manufacturing of conventional bricks, there is a continuous utilization of natural and energy resources, which leads to its de
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