Energy from Waste Materials and Unconventional Sources
The increasing demand for oil and gas resources more will be needed for unconventional sources of oil and natural gas. The unconventional hydrocarbon applications have been growing rapidly in recent years.
- PDF / 1,879,227 Bytes
- 133 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 78 Downloads / 228 Views
Energy from Waste Materials and Unconventional Sources
4.1
Introduction
The increasing demand for oil and gas resources more will be needed for unconventional sources of oil and natural gas. The unconventional hydrocarbon applications have been growing rapidly in recent years. Unconventional oil can be produced from oil sands, oil shale, extra heavy oil, and gas to liquids and other liquids. Conventional fossil energy reserves will not be enough to meet the continuously increasing need for energy in the future. In this case, renewable energy sources will become important. Conventional oil sources are currently preferred because they are less expensive than unconventional sources. New technologies are being developed to reduce unconventional oil production costs. New production technologies have contributed significantly to the advanced development of these unconventional resources. The safe and responsible development of unconventional domestic energy resources production creates new job facilities and provides economic benefits to all domestic production supply benefit from lower feedstock and energy costs. In general conventional oil is easier and cheaper to produce than unconventional oil. Unconventional oil can be produced from hydrocarbon resources using techniques other than the conventional method (Demirbas et al. 2015a). Oil shale and bituminous materials suitable for obtaining petroleum like products. The process designed study has the ability to control unwanted volatile materials. Oil sands or tar sands generally consist of extra heavy crude oil or crude bitumen trapped in unconsolidated sandstone. They cannot be produced by conventional methods, transported without heating or dilution with lighter hydrocarbons, or refined by older oil refineries without major modifications. Tight oil, including light tight oil is crude oil contained in petroleum-bearing formations of low permeability, often shale or tight sandstone.
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 A. Demirbas, Waste Energy for Life Cycle Assessment, Green Energy and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40551-3_4
123
124
4 Energy from Waste Materials and Unconventional Sources
Gas hydrates represent one of the world’s largest untapped reservoirs of energy and, according to some estimates, have the potential to meet global energy needs for the next thousand years. Conventional fossil energy will not be enough to meet the continuously increasing need for energy in the future. In this case, renewable energy sources will become important. Some electricity production is done with alternative energy sources like biomass, geothermal, wind, and solar energy. It is known that hydro is the cheapest source of electricity production. In other words, the country, which has available water sources for hydro production, has the advantage to lower generation costs. Some production is done with alternative fuels like geothermal energy, wind power, biomass, solar energy, or fuel (Demirbas 2006a, b). Biomass is semi-conventional energy source because i
Data Loading...
