Travel and Tourism
Approaching Travel and Tourism as a business, this book deals with all key topics in this expanding subject area. Units include - tourist motivation, the hospitality business, the marketing of tourism, government involvement and the impact of tourism on h
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In Business Now Series Ethics Francis P. McHugh Graphs and Charts Renee Huggett Health Joel Richman Markets Renee Huggett Retailing Peter Jones and Steve Baron Women Anna Eckersley
IN BUSINESS NOW
Travel and Touris01 J.
Christopher Holloway
M
MACMILLAN
© J.
Christopher Holloway 1992
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copving issued bv the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Totten ham Court Road, London WI P 911E. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1992 by MACMILLAN EDUCATION LTO Houndmills, Basingstokc, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-55245-2 ISBN 978-1-349-12407-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-12407-7 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10987654321
OJ 00 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92
Contents Acknowledgements
VI
I The World's Biggest Business
2 Kinds of Tourists 3 Means of Travel
4
5
6
7
8
9
IO
Natural Attractions Created Attractions The Hospitality Business The Tour Operator Planning and Controls Marketing and Promotion Social and Economic Effects
I
4
9
I6
23 29 37
44
52 59
65
Index
v
Acknowledgements The author and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright material: The English Tourist Board and World Tourism Organisation for material from their publications. The author and publishers wish to acknowledge the following photographic sources: Barnaby's Picture Library (Figures 3.1 and 8. 3); Camera Press Ltd (Figure 8.4); J. Allan Cash (Figures 5.3 and 6.1); Norwegian Tourist Board/Johan Berge (Figure 4.1). Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity.
VI
Unit 1 The World's Biggest Business Introduction For many of us, holidays have become so much a part of our life that they are no longer seen as a luxury. The annual trip to the sun for two or three weeks has become a feature of our lives, and for one family in five that holiday will now be taken in the warmer and more reliable climate to be found abroad. Tourism, whether abroad or in one's own country, has become the biggest, and fastest growing business in the world. Two factors are of key importance in this growth. Firstly, people in the developed countries today have more discretionary income - that is to say, more money to spend on goods and services once their basic needs (items such as mortgage or rent, electricity or gas bills, insurance) have been paid for. Secondly, people in these countries have longer holida
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