Tree Pollination Under Global Climate Change
This brief reviews the pollination aspects of both wild and domesticated fruit tree species in a global climate change context. It explores cross-pollination mediated by insects, vertebrates and abiotic factors, self-pollination and their global warming i
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Fernando Ramírez Jose Kallarackal
Tree Pollination Under Global Climate Change
123
SpringerBriefs in Agriculture
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10183
Fernando Ramírez • Jose Kallarackal
Tree Pollination Under Global Climate Change
Fernando Ramírez Independent Researcher Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
Jose Kallarackal Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, India
ISSN 2211-808X ISSN 2211-8098 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Agriculture ISBN 978-3-319-73968-7 ISBN 978-3-319-73969-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73969-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017964227 © The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Abstract
Tree pollination has been reported to be impacted by climate change in numerous countries worldwide. Tree pollination is an important ecosystem supporting service that is threatened by global warming and climate change. Warm climatic conditions cause disturbances in pollen physiology. For example, warm temperatures cause decrease in pollen germination and fertilization. Furthermore, insect pollinators are displaced or their life cycles are disturbed by warm conditions leading to great economic losses for fruit tree growers. Whether pollinated by vertebrates, insects, or wind, global warming will have impacts on all these different types of pollination. This book reviews pollination aspects of both wild and cultivated fruit tree species in a global climate change context. It explores cross-pollination mediated by insects and vertebrates, abiotic factors, self-pollination, and their global warming implications. We identi
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