Trend and abrupt change analysis in water quality of Urmia Lake in comparison with changes in lake water level
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Trend and abrupt change analysis in water quality of Urmia Lake in comparison with changes in lake water level Mohammad Taghi Sattari & Rasoul Mirabbasi & Salar Jarhan & Fatemeh Shaker Sureh & Sajjad Ahmad
Received: 4 January 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Urmia Lake, as the largest lake in Iran borders, has a special role in the ecosystem of the region. The water level in this lake declines in recent year remarkably, so monitoring the lake water quality is important from an environmental view. In this research, the changes in the qualitative variables of the lake water (including electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR)) are compared with the changes in the lake’s water level based on the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test. Further, abrupt change points in the time series of quality variables were detected by the Pettitt test. Studies were carried out on samples collected from five M. T. Sattari : F. Shaker Sureh Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran M. T. Sattari (*) Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] R. Mirabbasi Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran S. Jarhan Department of Hydrosciences, Technische Univeristät Dresden, Dresden, Germany S. Ahmad Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
different stations during 2005–2015. The results showed that the water level of Urmia Lake had a significant decreasing trend and also, except for TDS, the other investigated quality variables had negative trends during the studied period. It was observed that in general, the values of the Z statistic in the stations located in the eastern part of the lake were more than the stations located in the western part, and also the stations located in the northern parts had a higher trend than those in the south of the bridge. Keywords Nonparametric test . Abrupt change . Urmia Lake . Trend . Water quality
Introduction Water is one of the most important components of nature, and the lives of living beings depend on it. Therefore, the study of water quality change has great importance. For this reason, many researchers in different parts of the world are investigating changes in water quality variables. Water quality standards are important to document, for water quality management, at national and international levels. In recent decades, the study of the water quality, due to the decline in the quality of many water resources, has attracted more attention (Mirabbasi and Eslamian 2010; Sattari et al. 2018). Some of the reasons for the increased attention of scientists to this subject include global warming, climate change, and industrialization, as well as industrial wastewater discharges in rivers, and increasing water
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