Sediment Distribution Pattern in Lake Urmia
In this paper, we present preliminary results of 12 cores and 7 trenches from Lake Urmia and its coastal area. Data presented here consist of visual descriptions of cores and trenches, XRF scans, and magnetic susceptibly measurements on selected sediment
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Field Campaign 2.2 Laboratory Analysis 3 Result 3.1 Lithology and Magnetic Susceptibility 3.2 Geochemistry 4 Interpretation 5 Conclusion References
Abstract In this paper, we present preliminary results of 12 cores and 7 trenches from Lake Urmia and its coastal area. Data presented here consist of visual descriptions of cores and trenches, XRF scans, and magnetic susceptibly measurements on selected sediment cores. The results show significant changes in sedimentological properties along the sequences as well as changes in chemical, biological, and detrital components and their attributed magnetic and geochemical properties. Human environmental intervention is evident at top of the sequences, as well. Top part of the core is composed of salt deposits varying from a few centimeters in the Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this chapter (https://doi.org/10.1007/ 698_2020_674) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. A. K. Lahijani (*) and A. Naderi Beni Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected] S. Rostamabadi and M. Barin Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co., Tehran, Iran M. Shirzade Aban Pazho Co., Tehran, Iran Peygham G. Nooran, Evgeniy V. Yakushev, Ole Anders Nøst, and Jorn Bruggeman (eds.), Lake Urmia: A Hypersaline Waterbody in a Drying Climate, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_674, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
H. A. K. Lahijani et al.
south to around three meters in the northern part of the lake. The salt deposits almost lack Artemia cyst. The salt deposits of basal and middle parts of the cores could be attributed to the LGM and Younger Dryas cold and dry climate that led to lake level drop. Elemental changes along the cores could be linked to climatic changes that govern sediment and water input into the lake, lake level, and bioproductivity of the lake that are reflected in concentration an association of elements. Keywords Paleoclimate, Quaternary sediments, Salt deposits, Sediment geochemistry
1 Introduction Lake Urmia (LU) is a large hypersaline lake that is situated in a subsiding tectonic basin in Northwest of Iran. The basin has been formed mainly in the Quaternary due to ongoing compressional regime of Arabian and Eurasian plates’ collision and also the activity of local strike-slip faults [1, 2]. The catchment area is covered by different lithologies ranging from igneous and metamorphic rocks to sedimentary sequences. Exposed plutonic, volcanic, and volcanosedimentary rocks are frequent in the catchment as well as in the UL itself as Eslami volcanic dome peninsula. The Quaternary volcanic ashes cover the basement rocks of LU [3, 4]. In addition to volcanic rocks, Paleozoic metamorphic rocks crop out to the west of the lake. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, i.e., carbonate, and sandstone cover the south and southeast of the lake, whereas the northwestern shores and many of the islands in the lake are related t
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