Trophic structure and energy flow of the resettled maritime area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh through ECOPATH
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Trophic structure and energy flow of the resettled maritime area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh through ECOPATH Ehsanul Karim1, 2, Qun Liu1*, Ying Xue1, Shanur Jahedul Hasan2, M Enamul Hoq2, Yahia Mahmud2 1 College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 2 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh
Received 6 September 2018; accepted 28 February 2019 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract
The existing study was taken to represent the current information in order to develop a mass-balanced ecosystem model within the resettled maritime boundary area of the Bay of Bengal (BoB), Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017 through ECOPATH approach covering over 90 000 km2. A total of 19 functional groups were considered representing all trophic levels in the foodweb where estimated trophic interactions between the groups were varied from 1 (primary producers and detritus) to 3.45 (sharks). The ecotrophic efficiency (EE) of most of the consumers was greater than 0.80; symbolizing a largely exploited ecosystem and high energy transfer from lower to higher trophic levels. Moreover, the gross efficiency (0.001 8) and transfer efficiency (11.12%) of the whole system symbolizes the “Developing Systems” with somewhat maturity currently. Ecosystem’s overhead (64.6) and ascendancy (35.4) also designate the ecosystem’s stability. Thus, this study determines that the resettled maritime area of BoB reserves significant backup strength to face stress situations having capacity to rapid restoration to the original states. Key words: Ecopath with Ecosim, Bay of Bengal, ecological groups, maritime ecosystem, mass balance Citation: Karim Ehsanul, Liu Qun, Xue Ying, Hasan Shanur Jahedul, Hoq M Enamul, Mahmud Yahia. 2019. Trophic structure and energy flow of the resettled maritime area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh through ECOPATH. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(10): 27–42, doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1423-5
1 Introduction Ecosystems are superbly balanced although they are reasonably complex, non-linear and its structures are composed by the interconnection of living and non-living bodies with their habitat, but every portion of an ecosystem, has a significant role to play and alteration of any portion of a particular ecosystem, the whole ecosystem of that area can be altered. This is not only dynamic but also hierarchically ascended. Ecosystem structures and processes are associated across the spatial and temporal balances. Due to their complication and the array of negative and positive response across balances, the predictability of these structures is inadequate (Gunderson, 1999). Sustainable usage of ecosystem components is unlikely deprived of a better understanding of balancing ecosystem dynamics that foster ecosystem capability (Bengtsson et al., 2003). Coastal and marine ecosystems are among the largest aquatic ecosystems of the world, covering 71% of the earth and fish populations are one of the most vital par
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