Troponins, Adhesion Molecules, and Interleukins as Diagnostic Markers of CVDs: Expression in Peripheral Tissues
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onins, Adhesion Molecules, and Interleukins as Diagnostic Markers of CVDs: Expression in Peripheral Tissues E. A. Karpasovaa, A. S. Diatlovaa, N. S. Linkovaa, b, *, V. A. Bunina, V. O. Polyakovac, d, e, Yu. S. Krylovad, f, and I. M. Kvetnoyc, d, g aSt.
Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia Academy of Postgraduate Education under the Federal Scientific–Clinical Center of the Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia cOtt Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia d St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia e St. Petersburg Medical and Social Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia fPavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia gSt. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received September 25, 2018; revised October 2, 2019; accepted October 7, 2019
Abstract—Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality for middle-aged and elderly people in developed countries. The early diagnostic of CVD in middle-aged and elderly people is often hampered by the absence of characteristic clinical picture of the disease. The early diagnosis of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), and myocardial infarction (MI) and their correction improves the survival prognosis and the quality of life of patients. The concentration of the cardinal troponins hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI, ICAM-1, the adhesion molecules V-CAM1, E-LAM1, and the IL-1α, 1β, -4, -5, -6, -13, -17 cytokines in blood plasma were studied in order to assess the effectiveness of the treatment of atherosclerosis, CHD, and MI. The study of the concentration of ICAM-1, growth factor GDF15, and the NOTCH1 transmembrane protein in blood plasma and urine was recommended for the predictive diagnostic of these diseases. Assessment of the expression of these signal molecules in peripheral tissues for the prediction and prognosis of CVD is a rapidly developing area of molecular medicine and gerontology. Keywords: atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, troponins, adhesion molecules, interleukins DOI: 10.1134/S2079086420040039
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently one of the leading causes of mortality in the elderly and geriatric throughout the world (Mozaffarian et al., 2015). The main reason for the development of CVD is atherosclerosis, a chronic lesion of the inner lining of the arteries of the elastic type, in which atherosclerotic plaques containing cholesterol (cholesterol) appear (Torres et al., 2015; Veseli et al., 2017). In atherosclerosis, several stages of the lesion are characteristic of the vascular endothelium (Fig. 1). First, there is a small lesion that is histologically characterized by macrophage infiltration of the wall vessel and their transformation into foam cells due to the capture, hydrolysis, and reesterification of cholesterol esters (Chistiakov et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017). The next stage is the development
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