Tunable phase transition in (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.94 Ba 0.06 TiO 3 by B-site cations
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Tunable phase transition in (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 by B‑site cations Wenhao Liu1 · Xin Ma1 · Shaokai Ren1 · Xiuyun Lei1 · Laijun Liu1 Received: 30 December 2019 / Accepted: 5 March 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The role of B-site ions of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) on its complex phase transition remains unclear due to its polarization attributing to both Bi and Ti. In this paper, the phase transition of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06(Ti1−0.01b/4B0.01)O3 (BNT6BT) (B = Nb, Mn, Fe, and Cu) ceramics was modified by low-concentration donor doping (Nb) and acceptor doping (Mn, Fe, and Cu) in order to determine the origin of phase transition behavior. The phase structure, microstructure, local structure/lattice vibration, phase transition temperature, and dielectric properties of BNT6BT-Nb, Mn, Fe, and Cu ceramics were investigated. Results showed that all samples formed a single perovskite phase at room temperature, and donor (Nb) and acceptor (Mn, Fe, and Cu) doping can regulate the ratio of R3c and P4bm coexisting as nanoscale entities. The grains show polyhedral morphology, and average grain size lies between 1 and 2 μm. The Raman spectroscopy study shows that doping modification can change the phase transition temperature. The relation is in well agreement with the three different dielectric anomalies derived from the dielectric curves of εr versus T. Low concentration of cation (Nb, Mn, Fe, and Cu) doping can tailor the dielectric permittivity, depolarization temperature, and phase transition temperature of BNT6BT. All samples exhibit a large dielectric constant and good frequency stability. Keywords Lead-free ceramics · Perovskite · Electrical properties
1 Introduction Lead-based dielectric ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are broadly used in capacitors, filters, sensors, and other electromechanical devices owing to their splendid electrical properties [1, 2]. However, the manufacture and application of toxic lead-based ceramics have caused severe lead pollution and environmental problems [3]. Nowadays, the toxicity of lead-based piezoelectric ceramics has raised concerns about human health and the environment, leading to a flurry of research on various lead-free ceramics for environment-friendly applications [4].
* Xiuyun Lei [email protected] * Laijun Liu [email protected] 1
MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi University Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Oxide Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Among promising lead-free candidate ceramics, bismuth sodium titanate ( Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, abbreviated as BNT)-based ceramics and barium titanate ( BaTiO3, abbreviated as BT)based ceramics show excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties [5–9]. As is known to us all, structure determines property; however, for the BNT ceramics, the structurerelated issues either at r
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