Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of PEDOT-PSS-coated graphene oxide nanocomposites for biomedical applicati
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Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of PEDOT-PSS-coated graphene oxide nanocomposites for biomedical applications Elison S. Ganya1, Sabata J. Moloi1, Sekhar C. Ray1,a) , Way-Faung Pong2,b) 1
Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology (CSET), University of South Africa, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Taipei 251301, Taiwan a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 30 June 2020; accepted: 10 August 2020
We have synthesized graphene oxide (GO) using Hummer’s method which was subsequently reduced (rGO) by hydrazine hydrate. The synthesized GO was coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) conducting polymer (CP) to obtain CP-GO which was also further reduced using hydrazine hydrate to form CP-rGO. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) techniques were used to study the electronic and structural properties of GO, rGO, CP-GO, and CP-rGO nanocomposites for biomedical applications. The superconducting quantum interference device method was used to investigate the magnetic properties of the nanocomposites. The electrical conductivity of the CP-GO nanocomposites was found to be ∼104 times higher than that of GO due to an increase in sp 2 content and subsequent decrease in oxygen functional groups. In rGO, we observed an improved paramagnetic saturation magnetization of approximately 5.6 × 0−3 emu/g at 2 K. The electronic and magnetic behavior of PEDOT-PSS-coated nanocomposites, as a result, were successfully tuned for potential biological and biomedical applications.
Introduction Graphene research has received enormous attention owing to its extraordinary physico-chemical properties [1, 2]. These fascinating properties include exceptional electrical conductivity (1738 S/m) [3], high surface area (2630 m2/g) [4], good thermal conductivity (∼5000 W/m K) [5], intrinsic biocompatibility [6], and ease facile biological/chemical functionalization [7]. Graphene has featured in many research papers, specifically revolving around its applications in various fields such as nanoelectronics [8], energy technology [9, 10], sensor [11], composite materials [12], and biomedical technology [13]. Graphene oxide (GO), which is a derivative of graphene with attached oxygen vacancies, has received attention from research owing to its easy surface modification/functionalization. These attached functional groups exceptionally enriches GO-based composites for potential applications in drug delivery [14], biosensing [15], bioimaging [16], biocompatible scaffold for cell culture in tissue engineering [12].
© Materials Research Society 2020
In biomedical applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug/gene delivery, and biosensing, there is a need of incorporating biocompatible materials wh
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