Graphene/chitosan-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
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Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, VNIT Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India 3 School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India 4 Department of Molecular Bioprospection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India; and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 699780, Israel 5 Department of Molecular Bioprospection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] b) These authors contributed equally to this work. 2
Received: 18 March 2019; accepted: 20 August 2019
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are well known for biomedical applications. The particle size, morphology, surface area, and functionalization are the key parameters that affect their bioactivity properties. Inline to this, the superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared via chemical coprecipitation method with an average particle size of 6 ± 3 nm. The particles were surface-functionalized with chitosan and in-house prepared reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to obtain chitosan-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (C-Fe3O4) and rGO-Fe3O4 nanocomposites (G-Fe3O4), respectively. Upon functionalization, the physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized thoroughly using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, Raman Spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Furthermore, they have subjected to cytotoxicity assay, agar two-fold broth dilution test, and disc diffusion assay experiments for the determination of cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities. The effect of surface functionalization on their bioactivity was investigated thoroughly. The surface functionalization with chitosan and rGO has enhanced the bioactivity of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
Introduction Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), owing to their superparamagnetic behavior, have shown great potential toward biomedical applications for decades by competing with a variety of biocompatible nanoparticles viz., magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, core–shell quantum dots, carbon nanoparticles, rare earth nanoparticles, polymers, and liposomes [1]. The promising features like tunability in size [2], shape [3], and surface [4] make the IONPs versatile and candidate material for various applications like high-density magnetic storage [5], magnetic catalysis [6], water splitting [7, 8], and biomedicine [9, 10]. Besides, the IONPs synthesized with enhanced biocompatibility are being used in various biomedical applications including in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [11, 12, 13], magnetic particle imaging (MPI) [14, 15, 16], in vitro bioseparation [17, 18], ta
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