Turkey since 1970 Politics, Economics and Society

Contemporary Turkey often appears to be juggling a plethora of agenda issues (radical Islam, terrorism, separatism, enemies without, enemies within, corruption, inflation, mafia-government links and natural disasters) with military interventions of varyin

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Turkey since 1970 Politics, Economics and Society Edited by

Debbie Lovatt Lecturer in International Relations Dokuz Eylül University Izmir Turkey

Editorial matter and selection © Debbie Lovatt 2001 Chapters 1–8 © Palgrave Publishers Ltd 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-75378-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd).

ISBN 978-1-349-41304-1 ISBN 978-0-333-97780-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780333977804 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Turkey since 1970 : politics, economics and society / edited by Debbie Lovatt. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. 1. Turkey—Politics and government—1960–1980. 2. Turkey– –Politics and government—1980– 3. Turkey—Economic conditions—1960– 4. Turkey—Social conditions—1960– I. Lovatt, Debbie, 1968– DR593 .T86 2000 956.103—dc21 00–052455 10 10

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Contents List of Tables and Figures

xi

Acknowledgements

xiii

List of Abbreviations

xv

Notes on the Contributors

xvii

Introduction

xxi

The Book Suggestions for Further Reading A Note on Pronunciation 1 The Turkish Economy: Past and Present Utku Utkulu Chapter outline Economic background Early foundations and the postwar era National planning years with étatist orientation, 1962–79 The 1980s: market orientation and export-led growth (ELG) Economic performance of the 1990s and prospects for the future Concluding remarks 2 Sectoral Analysis of the Turkish Economy Mehmet Haluk Köksal Introduction Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Mining Construction Tourism The banking sector

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viii Contents

3 An Overview of Turkey’s Urbanization Naci Sevkal Introduction Turkey’s experien