Two different clinical forms of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the perineum and vulva of two mares
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CASE REPORT
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Two different clinical forms of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the perineum and vulva of two mares Andrzej Raś1* , Iwona Otrocka-Domagała2 and Małgorzata Raś-Noryńska3
Abstract Background: Genital malignant neoplasms in mares are relatively rare. The treatment involve surgical removal of the tumour masses, chemotherapy or both. Case presentation: Two elderly warmblood mares, aged 16 and 20 were presented in University Clinic with the lumpy lesions at the region of perineum and left labia. Surgical removals of tumour masses were performed on standing animals. Removed tissues were subjected to histopathological examination which confirmed SCC. Conclusions: Clinical and ultrasound examination of reproductive organs in both mares showed no inflammatory or neoplastic changes. Both mares healed within 2 weeks after surgery and showed no signs of tumour recurrence for the following year despite no chemotherapy treatment. Keywords: Mare, Perineum, Squamous cell carcinoma
Background Genital neoplasms in female animals are quite rare, except for leiomyoma in cows and bitches, fibropapilloma in cows and venereal tumors in bitches. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant tumor of non-glandular epithelial tissue, composed of large epithelial cells, showing the presence of intercellular bridges and the production of keratin, occurring in the form of pearls or single keratinized cells. It is a fairly rare malignant tumor in horses that appears on the skin, on the border between the skin and mucosa, and on nonpigmented mucous membranes. It is more common on the penis and prepuce in older stallions and geldings, but it has also been described in horses in the nasal cavity, mouth, larynx, nasal sinuses, vulva and vagina [1]. Most of the tumors in mares form cauliflower-shape, * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-781 Olsztyn, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
solid masses on the border of the skin and mucous membrane of the labia with a tendency to proliferate and metastasize to the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes, and to the lungs [2]. Tumors located in the ano-genital area often bleed, ulcerate and spontaneously break down, giving an unpleasant odor. These neoplasms are referred to as the second most common in horses (after sarcoids) [3].
Case presentation A thoroughbred mare (XX), 20 years old, in medium condition, belonging to the Foundation taking care of old horses, was reported to the Clinic of Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The carers of the mare noticed a lumpy lesion in the area of the left labia and perineum, peduncled, fairly well demarcated from healthy tissue, which often bled and gave an unpleasant smell (Fig. 1). The second mare reported as a patient to the Clinic was 16 years old, SP breed, in very good
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