Metabolic landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Metabolic landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma Jéssica Gardone Vitório1 · Filipe Fideles Duarte‑Andrade1 · Thaís dos Santos Fontes Pereira1 · Felipe Paiva Fonseca1 · Larissa Stefhanne Damasceno Amorim1 · Roberta Rayra Martins‑Chaves1 · Carolina Cavaliéri Gomes2 · Gisele André Baptista Canuto3 · Ricardo Santiago Gomez1 Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Head and neck cancers are the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide, with almost half of the cases affecting the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancer, showing poor prognosis and high mortality. OSCC molecular pathogenesis is complex, resulting from a wide range of events that involve the interplay between genetic mutations and altered levels of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites. Metabolomics is a recently developed sub-area of omics sciences focused on the comprehensive analysis of small molecules involved in several biological pathways by high throughput technologies. Aim of review This review summarizes and evaluates studies focused on the metabolomics analysis of OSCC and oral premalignant disorders to better interpret the complex process of oral carcinogenesis. Additionally, the metabolic biomarkers signatures identified so far are also included. Moreover, we discuss the limitations of these studies and make suggestions for future investigations. Key scientific concepts Although many questions about the metabolic features of OSCC have already been answered in metabolomic studies, further validation and optimization are still required to translate these findings into clinical applications. Keywords Metabolomics · Oral cancer · Oral squamous cell carcinoma · Oral potentially malignant disorders · Mass spectrometry · Metabolites · Biomarkers
1 Introduction Oral cancer is a common neoplasia worldwide, with 354,864 new cases per year, of which nearly 90% are diagnosed as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (El-Naggar et al. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01727-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ricardo Santiago Gomez [email protected] 1
Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 6627, 31270‑901, Brazil
2
Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
3
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
2017; Bray et al. 2018). Tobacco smoking and alcohol intake are important risk factors for the development of OSCC (Cramer et al. 2019; Dotto and Rustgi 2016; Petersen 2009). OSCC may arise from pre-existing oral lesions, mainly by a group of lesio
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