Two-dimensional MOS 2 for hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis: The electronic structure regulation
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Two-dimensional MoS2 for hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis: The electronic structure regulation Shuwen Niu§, Jinyan Cai§, and Gongming Wang () Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China § Shuwen Niu and Jinyan Cai contributed equally to this work. © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Received: 4 October 2020 / Revised: 10 November 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020
ABSTRACT Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been recognized as one of the most promising candidates to replace precious Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis, due to the natural abundance, low cost, tunable electronic properties, and excellent chemical stability. Although notable processes have been achieved in the past decades, their performance is still far less than that of Pt. Searching effective strategies to boosting their HER performance is still the primary goal. In this review, the recent process of the electronic regulation of MoS2 for HER is summarized, including band structure engineering, electronic state modulation, orbital orientation regulation, interface engineering. Last, the key challenges and opportunities in the development of MoS2-based materials for electrochemical HER are also discussed.
KEYWORDS hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), electronic structure modulation, molybdenum disulfide, density functional theory, phase and interfacial engineering
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Introduction
Since energy demand is closely accompanied by the development of human society, developing renewable and efficient energy system has been always the focus of the energy-related field [1–3]. However, renewable energy like solar energy and wind energy suffers from the low energy density and intermittent feature, which severely limit their practical application [4]. Hydrogen (H2) with high energy density (gravimetric energy density of ~ 142 MJ·kg−1), easy transportability and zero-pollutant emission is becoming one of the most promising energy choices for constructing renewable energy system in the 21st century [5, 6]. More importantly, hydrogen production can be achieved in a sustainable way via water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources such as sunlight or wind energy [7]. However, the current limitation for scalable and industrial hydrogen generation by water electrolysis is the high cost, originating from the poor energy conversion efficiency [8]. Catalysts including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, as the main components of the electrolyzers, essentially affect the efficiency of water splitting [9, 10]. Among them, platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are still the most efficient HER catalysts until now. But the industrial level utilization of Pt is essentially inhibited by its high price and earth scarcity [11]. In this regard, it is highly imperative to develop cost-effective but efficient HER catalysts to replace the precious Pt for HE
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