Synthesis of SnO 2 Nanostructures and Their Application for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
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Synthesis of SnO2 Nanostructures and Their Application for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Hulin Zhang • Chenguo Hu • Siguo Chen Kaiyou Zhang • Xue Wang
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Received: 10 March 2012 / Accepted: 10 April 2012 / Published online: 26 April 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract SnO2 hierarchical architectures were synthesized with a surfactant-free hydrothermal synthesis route. We found that the acid or alkaline amount (HCl or NaOH) of the solution had a remarkable effect on the morphology of as-synthesized products. The SnO2 nanostructures were selected as a support of Pt catalyst (Pt/SnO2) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the acidic media. The influence of SnO2 morphologies on the electrochemical performance has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweeping voltammetry using the rotating disk electrodes. In addition, the effect on the catalytic activity in different electrolyte concentration was taken into account. Kinetic study shows that the HER on the Pt/SnO2(flower) electrocatalyst gives a higher exchange current density and a lower overpotential in H2SO4 solution with high concentration. Keywords
SnO2 nanostructures Platinum HER
1 Introduction Nanostructured metallic oxides are considered to be important semiconductors which have attracted considerable interest due to their exceptional properties in optics, electronics, magnetics, and catalysis [1–4]. The properties and applications of such semiconductors are determined by the morphology, structure, and organization of nanostructured H. Zhang C. Hu (&) K. Zhang X. Wang Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] S. Chen School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People’s Republic of China
architectures to a great extent. Considerable efforts have been focused on the synthesis of a novel nanostructure with tailored morphology [5–7]. Tin oxide (SnO2) is a stable and n-type wide band gap semiconductor with excellent optical and electrical properties. It is of great importance in a wide range of technological applications, such as gas sensors, optoelectronic devices, electrode materials and catalysts [8–11]. Besides, the hierarchical SnO2 nanostuctures with larger specific surface area and porous structure have been paid more attentions because of their potential applications, especially in gas detection and catalysis [8, 12]. Morphological control of SnO2 nanostructures is of great significance for systematic fundamental studies of crystal growth and for exploring new applications of nanostructures due to the interesting size- and shape-dependent properties [13]. Huang and coworkers and Pan’ group reported poly(acrylic acid) and phenol formaldehyde resin assisted solvothermal method for synthesizing SnO2 hierarchical structures [14, 15]. Our group also developed a hydrothermal process induced by salts to synthesize SnO2 nanoflowers [16]. Nevertheless, to date, there is no literature available on that the amount
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