Two level data encoding approach for reversible data hiding in dual Stego images
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Two level data encoding approach for reversible data hiding in dual Stego images C. Shaji 1
& I. Shatheesh Sam
2
Received: 15 July 2019 / Revised: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Due to high embedding capacity and security, dual stego-image based data hiding has become so popular. This paper proposes a two-level data encoding approach for reversible data hiding in dual stego-images. In the first level of encoding, the encoded intensities are estimated from the message intensities by assigning lower intensities to higher histogram data and higher intensities to lower histogram data. In the second level of encoding, the encoded intensities are folded by identifying the negative values to obtain the folded intensities. The folded intensities are embedded in the cover image to obtain the dual stego-images. The two-level data encoding process reduces the intensity of secret data which increases the quality of the two stego-images. During the extraction process, the folded intensities are extracted from the dual stego images. The folded intensities are decoded to encoded intensities and then to message intensities to obtain the secret data. This two-level data encoding approach increases the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) around 2 dB, and embedding rate (bpp) by 1%when compared to the traditional data hiding approach in dual stego images. Keywords Reversible data hiding . Histogram . Dual stego images . PSNR and embedding rate
* C. Shaji [email protected] I. Shatheesh Sam [email protected]
1
Department of Computer Science, Nesamony Memorial Christian College affiliated, ManonmaniamSundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 012, India
2
Department of PG Computer Science, Nesamony Memorial Christian College affiliated, ManonmaniamSundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 012, India
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Reversible data hiding [2, 8, 15, 29, 31] is a technique that not only recovers the original cover image, but also provides the exact secret data. During the extraction process, the pixel of the original cover image is exactly recovered from the stego image without any distortion. So reversible data hiding [7, 9, 14, 16, 28] has very important application in protecting the images that contain highly confidential information such as medical, and military images etc. where there is a need of recovering the extract original cover image and secret data. Data hiding that provides a single stego image can hold fewer amount of secret data, but the data hiding in dual stego image can hold a huge amount of secret data. Moreover the dual stego image approach is more secure than the single stego image approach since the data extraction has been possible only if, both the stego images are to be known (data extraction is not possible from one stego image). Since there are two stego images, it requires more space to store the dual stego images. However, dual
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