Double linear regression prediction based reversible data hiding in encrypted images
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Double linear regression prediction based reversible data hiding in encrypted images Fengyong Li1
· Hengjie Zhu1 · Jiang Yu2 · Chuan Qin3
Received: 18 January 2020 / Revised: 2 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Existing prediction-based works on reversible data hiding in encrypted images usually embed the secret messages by referring to the difference between current pixel and its predicted value. An accurate prediction model may promote an improvement of embedding capacity. Existing schemes, however, may not work well due to involving a bad prediction model so that their embedding capacity cannot be improved further. To address the problem, this paper proposes a new reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images by designing double linear regression prediction model. Proposed model can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of current pixel based on neighboring pixels, more auxiliary rooms are thus vacated to embed secret data. Furthermore, a prediction error map is constructed to mark the error positions caused by inaccurate prediction, which can be further compressed lossless to lower the capacity of auxiliary data. Reversible recovery for original image can be finally achieved successfully. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves prediction accuracy and data embedding capacity by combining double linear regression prediction model and prediction error map, and then can achieve separable and lossless recovery for the original image. Compared with existing works, the proposed scheme can implement a higher visual quality of decrypted images, while maintaining a larger embedding capacity. Keywords Reversible data hiding · Image encryption · Double linear regression prediction
Fengyong Li
[email protected] 1
College of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Information and Computer, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction As a measure of confidential communication, data hiding technology usually uses multimedia files, such as digital files, digital images and digital audio or video, as the carriers to hide additional data [7, 9]. Since data hiding always modifies the original image to embed secret messages so that the original files consistently make irreversible changes. Unfortunately, some special scenarios, such as medical, military, remote sensing, et al., minor changes to the original image may produce a serious result. How to extract additional data from ciphertext images, while restoring the original plaintext images lossless, has become an urgent problem to be solved. As an important branch in the field of data hiding, reversible data hiding technology prov
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