Two-Parameter Martingales and Their Quadratic Variation
This book has two-fold aims. In a first part it gives an introductory, thorough and essentially self-contained treatment of the general theory of two-parameter processes that has developed since around 1975. Apart from two survey papers by Merzbach and Me
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		    1308 Peter lmkeller
 
 Two-Parameter Martingales and Their Quadratic Variation
 
 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
 
 Author
 
 Peter lmkeller Mathematisches lnstitut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Theresienstr. 39, 8000 Munchen, Federal Republic of Germany
 
 Mathematics Subject Classification (1980): 60G07, 60G44, 60E 15, 60G42, 60G48, 60G55, 60G60, 60H05 ISBN 978-3-540-19233-6 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 978-0-387-19233-8 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg
 
 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. ©Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 Printing and binding: Druckhaus Beltz, Hemsbach/Bergstr. 2146/3140-543210
 
 Contents
 
 Introduction 0. Notations and conventions
 
 23
 
 I. Basics; processes depending on a parameter
 
 28
 
 1. Regular functions and their discontinuities
 
 29
 
 2. Measurability and basic processes
 
 34
 
 3. One-directional stopping; a section theorem
 
 42
 
 4. One-directional projection theorems
 
 47
 
 5. One-directional decomposition theorems
 
 52
 
 6. Regularity of one-directional projections
 
 59
 
 II. Two-parameter processes
 
 66
 
 7. Two-directional stopping; a predictable section theorem 8. Martingale inequalities and applications
 
 67 72
 
 9. A stochastic integral and the regularity of martingales
 
 80
 
 10. Two-directional projection theorems
 
 86
 
 11. Two-directional decomposition theorems
 
 92
 
 III. Jumps of martingales and their compensation
 
 99
 
 12. Simple sets and increasing processes
 
 101
 
 13. The decomposition of simple sets
 
 109
 
 14. The jumps of regular martingales
 
 116
 
 15. The compensation of martingale jumps
 
 124
 
 IV. Quadratic variation and structure of martingales
 
 131
 
 16. Some general results on quadratic variation
 
 132
 
 17. Quadratic variations of compensated components
 
 139
 
 18. Orthogonality of compensated components
 
 147
 
 19. The structure of square integrable martingales
 
 151
 
 JV
 
 20. The quadratic variation of square and L log+Lintegrable martingales
 
 157
 
 21. Inequalities for the quadratic variation1
 
 a counterexample
 
 162
 
 References
 
 169
 
 Index of definitions
 
 174
 
 Index of special symbols
 
 176
 
 Introduction
 
 There are many fields of stochastics where multi-parameter processes can be encountered. For example, to register the positions of the spins of a ferromagnetic substance at a fixed instant of time, one has to attach an appropriate state space to every point of a three-dimensional lattice. Mathematically this leads to a family of random variables indexed by a subset of
 
 m3 ,
 
 a
 
 special case of a so-cal		
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