Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Increased Risk of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Increased Risk of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis Panagiotis Anagnostis1,2,3 · Nifon K. Gkekas2,3 · Charoula Achilla3 · Georgia Pananastasiou3 · Polyxeni Taouxidou3 · Maria Mitsiou3 · Eustathios Kenanidis2,3 · Michael Potoupnis2,3 · Eleftherios Tsiridis2,3 · Dimitrios G. Goulis1,2 Received: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of fractures, mainly due to impaired bone architecture and microvascular complications. Whether DM is also associated with increased risk of sarcopenia is not yet known, with studies yielding inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to systematically review and synthesize the best available evidence regarding the association between DM and sarcopenia risk. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Scopus databases. Data are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The I2 index was employed for heterogeneity. Only studies which had implemented at least two of the three criteria for sarcopenia diagnosis (low muscle mass, muscle strength and/or muscle performance), as defined by the international studying groups, were included. Fifteen studies fulfilled eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 1832 patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and 1159 cases of sarcopenia. Patients with T2DM demonstrated a higher risk of sarcopenia compared with euglycemic subjects (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.25–1.91, p
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