U. S. Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program
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U. S. POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS PROGRAM
HARIN S. ULLAL, KENNETH ZWEIBEL, AND RICHARD L. MITCHELL Solar Energy Research Institute, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, U.S.A. ABSTRACT
The Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program, part of the United States National Photovoltaic Program, performs R&D on copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride thin films. The objective of the Program is to support research to develop cells and modules that meet the U.S. Department of Energy's long-term goals by achieving high efficiencies (15% - 20%), low-cost ($50/M2), and long-time reliability (30 years). The importance of work in this area is due to the fact that the polycrystalline thin-film CuInSe.2 and CdTe solar cells and modules have made rapid advances. They have become the leading thin films for PV in terms of efficiency and stability. The U.S. Department of Energy has increased its funding through an initiative through the Solar Energy Research Institute in CuInSe-2 and CdTe with subcontracts to start in Spring 1990. INTRODUCTION
The Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program is part of the United States National Photovoltaic Program. Other areas of research and development included in the national program are the fundamental and supporting research, flat plate thin-films, flat plate crystalline silicon, and concentrator cells [1].
Table I: Polycrystalline Thin Films Program Participants Resmrd Orgnlutiot ARCO Solar
Objecve High efficiency CulnSe, 900 to 3900 cm' modules
Boeing Aerospace& Electronics
Evaporated CuGainSe,cells, 100cm&submodules
Intimrt of EnergyConvection
Evaporated and selenized CulnSe, CdTecels; device modeling
Intermtional SolarElectricTechnoogy
E-bearn/spusarfing Cu,ln layers and selenization; 50 cm' natmiodulen
Universityof fllnos
CulnSe,cells Spunsred/evapora•ed
University of Arkansas
Laser-procenaed CuIIn/Se films made by electroplating or sputtraing
California Insitine of Technology
Contact inventigation of CulnSeIMo intearface
Solar EnergyRcseaathInstime
Growth,charactesization and device fabrication of CuInSe,
Colorado Stale Univemiry
Onaranceization and modeling of CdTe and CuInSe,cells
AMETEK
Electrodeposition of n-i-p Cd&QdTe/ZnTe cells and 100cm' nbbmodules
Phoon Ener
Spraying of 900 to 3900 cm' CdTe modules
University of South Florida
Cloe space sublimation of CdTe cells; MOCVD of HgZsTe for hopcells
Georgia Instimte of Tedaoiogy
MOCVD of arreand Cd,.Zn.Te cells
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 161. ©1990 Materials Research Society
194
The objective of the Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program is to support research to develop cells and modules that meet the U.S. Department of Energy's long-term goals by achieving high efficiencies (15% - 20%), low-cost "($50/m2), and long-time reliability (30 years). This paper covers the various research aspects of the subcontracts program in the polycrystalline thin film area. Table 1 summarizes the various research activities with the corresponding objectives of each of the subcontracts. T
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