UAV monitoring and documentation of a large landslide
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ORIGINAL PAPER
UAV monitoring and documentation of a large landslide Gerald Lindner 1
&
Klaus Schraml 2 & Reinfried Mansberger 1 & Johannes Hübl 2
Received: 1 October 2014 / Accepted: 13 October 2015 # Società Italiana di Fotogrammetria e Topografia (SIFET) 2015
Abstract In June 2013, heavy precipitation triggered a large earthflow of several million cubic meters in a small village in Austria. A bundle of technologies was applied to monitor and document the landslide, such as geophysical methods (geoelectrics, inclinometer, soil moisture, and soil temperature) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements. Additionally, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used for the periodical assessment of the landslide process. In total, nine flights were performed with a multicopter equipped with a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) that delivered several thousands of images. Based on these images and detailed GNSS measurements of the landslide area, orthophotos as well as generated Digital Surface Models (DSMs) with an accuracy of less than ±10 cm resulted. Fissure tracking, flow direction and velocity, and mass balances as well as the construction progress of the protection and mitigation measures were derived from these data sets. The application of the UAV turned out to be a cost- and time-effective tool for landslide-monitoring that provides researchers and engineers with accurate high-resolution geodata.
Keywords Landslide . UAV . Monitoring . DSM . Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
* Gerald Lindner [email protected] 1
Institute of Surveying, Remote Sensing and Land Information, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
2
Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Introduction Mass wasting processes such as earth slides constitute a substantial problem in mountainous regions. They occur mainly after long-lasting rainfall events or after snow melting during spring when the soil is saturated. These earthflows are difficult to predict and in large-scale form, they are able to cause enormous damages on settlements and infrastructure. Therefore, monitoring of such landslides is of high importance to enable appropriate protection and mitigation measures. Different monitoring techniques can be applied to detect changes on surfaces, topography and subsurfaces, ranging from simple and qualitative methods, such as photo documentation and field observation, to more complex methods, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, geoelectric surveys, or Remote Sensing techniques. GNSS measurements are used to determine positions of specific points with a high accuracy in order to assess moving rates in explicit parts of landslides (Gili et al. 2000; Squarzoni et al. 2005). These methods are generally used for georeferencing. Geoelectric methods are applied in order to measure soil saturation, porosity, or electrical conductivity of the pore
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