Ultrasonographic diagnosis, classification, and treatment of cervical lymphatic malformation in paediatric patients: a r
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Ultrasonographic diagnosis, classification, and treatment of cervical lymphatic malformation in paediatric patients: a retrospective study Jiaoling Li1* , Wei Zhong2, Xiuping Geng1†, Xiaofang Liu1†, Xiangxiang Zhang1†, Yurun Wang1† and Haibo Li3†
Abstract Background: To explore the imaging features, key diagnostic points, classification, treatment, and prognosis of cervical lymphatic malformation. Methods: Overall, 320 patients diagnosed with cervical lymphatic malformation were retrospectively analysed in our hospital between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2017. Imaging modalities included colour Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Cervical lymphatic malformations were classified by cyst diameter. Treatments included interventional therapy, surgery, and expectant treatment. Results: Cervical lymphatic malformation was identified in 320 of 1192 patients with lymphatic malformation. Four were excluded due to misdiagnosis by ultrasonography. Cervical lymphatic malformation was classified as mixed, macrocystic, and microcystic in 184 (57.5%), 117 (36.56%), and 19 (5.94%) patients, respectively. Sixty-four (20%), ten (3.12%), seven (2.19%), and three (0.94%) patients experienced intracystic haemorrhage, infection, concurrent intracystic haemorrhage and infection, and calcification, respectively. Among 260 (81.25%) patients who underwent interventional sclerotherapy, 163 (50.94%) received it once and 96 (30%) received it two or more times. Twentyeight (8.75%), five (1.56%), and 27 (8.44%) patients underwent surgical resection, interventional sclerotherapy plus surgery, and expectant management, respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasonography is useful for diagnosing definite cervical lymphatic malformation. Interventional therapy is the first choice for children with confirmed cervical lymphatic malformation. Keywords: Cervical lymphatic malformation, Classification, Diagnosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Treatment, Ultrasound
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Xiuping Geng, Xiaofang Liu, Xiangxiang Zhang, Yurun Wang and Haibo Li have contributed equally to this work. 1 Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Jinsui Road 9, Guangzhou 510623, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitte
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