UN Robust Peacekeeping Civilian Protection in Violent Civil Wars
This book examines the emergent conviction that UN robust peacekeeping works better than UN traditional peacekeeping in reducing civilian killings within contemporary post-cold war violent civil wars. In an unprecedented study, Nsia-Pepra has systematical
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UN Robust Peacekeeping Civilian Protection in Violent Civil Wars Kofi Nsia-Pepra
UN ROBUST PEACEKEEPING
Copyright © Kofi Nsia-Pepra, 2014. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-39785-0 All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the World, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-67966-9 ISBN 978-1-137-46313-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137463135
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nsia-Pepra, Kofi. United Nations robust peacekeeping : civilian protection in violent civil wars / by Kofi Nsia-Pepra. pages cm. 1. United Nations—Peacekeeping forces. 2. Peace-building— International cooperation. 3. Security, International—International cooperation. I. Title. JZ6374.N75 2014 341.5 84—dc23 2014006495 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Integra Software Services First edition: August 2014 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is dedicated to my parents, children, brothers and sisters, all my loved ones and victims of human rights violations
Contents
List of Tables
ix
List of Figures
xi
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgments
xvii
1 2 3 4 5
Introduction Peacekeeping and Human Rights Protection Robust Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection Data, Variables, and Methodology Statistical Analysis of Robust Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection in Civil Wars 6 Case Studies: Testing the Formidable Barrier Model of Robust Peacekeeping Success 7 The Politics of Civilian Protection—The Case of Darfur 8 Moving Forward: UN Robust Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection in Civil Wars
1 7 41 79 89 99 141 167
Appendix 1
187
Appendix 2
189
Appendix 3
191
Notes
193
Bibliography
229
Index
249
Tables
5.1 Percentage years of UN mission types, 1956–2006
90
5.2 Percentage intentional civilian killings of UN mission types, 1956–2006
90
5.3 Negative binomial regression models of intentional civilian killings in United Nations Missions in civil wars, 1956–2006
91
5.4 Marginal effects of statistically significant variables on intentional civilian killings in UN Missions in civil conflicts, 1956–2006
92
5.5 Logit regression model of intentional civilian killings in United Nations Missions in Civil Wars, 1956–2006
94
5.6 Marginal effects of statistically significant variables on intentional civilian killings in UN Missions in civil conflicts, 1956–2006
96
A2.1 UN peacekeeping missions in civil wars from 1956 to 2006
187
A3.1 Rules of engagement of traditional peacekeeping (UNAMIR, R
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