Uncoupling of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in Gingival Tissue of
- PDF / 587,705 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 115 Downloads / 195 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Uncoupling of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in Gingival Tissue of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Guendalina Lucarini,1,6 Giacomo Tirabassi,2 Antonio Zizzi,3 Giancarlo Balercia,2 Alexia Quaranta,4 Corrado Rubini,3 and Simone Domenico Aspriello5
ABSTRACT—In this study, we investigate the relation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in periodontal disease of diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. We evaluated immunohistochemical VEGF and iNOS expressions in gingival biopsies from healthy individuals (no chronic periodontitis (CP)), patients with periodontitis alone (CP), patients with diabetes alone (DM) and diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (DM+ CP). We found a significant positive correlation between VEGF and iNOS expression in non-diabetic groups, but not in diabetic ones. Periodontal clinical parameters were not found to be significantly correlated with the inflammatory markers in no-CP, CP, and DM groups, whereas in DM+ CP, positive and significant correlations were found between all the considered periodontal parameters and epithelial VEGF and endothelial iNOS. The uncoupling of VEGF and iNOS expression in diabetic individuals could allow a greater involvement of the markers in the inflammatory process of periodontitis. KEY WORDS: vascular endothelial growth factor a/analysis; nitric oxide synthase; periodontitis; diabetes mellitus; wound healing; inflammation.
disease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients compared with healthy individuals, and, therefore, periodontitis is considered to be one of the complications of diabetes [2]. Histologically, periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory cell lesion, characterized by lymphocytic and monocytic infiltrate, connective tissue destruction, and bone resorption [3]. Several mechanisms have been described [4], but the ones that actually cause the progression of periodontal disease in diabetes still remain unknown [5]. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived bioactive free radical which serves as a messenger molecule for various physiological and pathological processes, including strong oxidative activity [6]. NO is formed by the oxidation of Larginine through the activation of three different NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, i.e., neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS) [7, 8] that are encoded by three different genes (designated NOS 1, NOS 2, and NOS 3, respectively). NO is also a highly reactive free radical, and when present in excess, it induces
INTRODUCTION Uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes is associated with increased susceptibility to oral infections, including periodontitis [1]. Clinical evidence has revealed that there is a higher incidence and severity of periodontal 1
Department of Clinic and Molecular Sciences—Histology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a–60126 Torrette, Ancona, Italy 2 Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medici
Data Loading...
