Understand the local and regional contributions on air pollution from the view of human health impacts
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Understand the local and regional contributions on air pollution from the view of human health impacts Yueqi Jiang1,2, Jia Xing (✉)1,2, Shuxiao Wang1,2, Xing Chang1,2, Shuchang Liu1,2, Aijun Shi3, Baoxian Liu1,4, Shovan Kumar Sahu1,2 1 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China 3 Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environment Protection, Beijing 100037, China 4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
HIGHLIGHTS
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
• PM2.5-related deaths were estimated to be 227 thousand in BTH & surrounding regions. • Local emissions contribute more to PM2.5-related deaths than PM2.5 concentration. • Local controls are underestimated if only considering its impacts on concentrations. • Rural residents suffer larger impacts of regional transport than urban residents. • Reducing regional transport benefits in mitigating environmental inequality.
ABSTRACT
ARTICLE INFO Article history:
Received 1 June 2020 Revised 19 October 2020 Accepted 22 October 2020 Available online 30 November 2020 Keywords: PM2.5 Regional transport Local emissions Health impact Environmental inequality
1
The source-receptor matrix of PM2.5 concentration from local and regional sources in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei (BTH) and surrounding provinces has been created in previous studies. However, because the spatial distribution of concentration does not necessarily match with that of the population, such concentration-based source-receptor matrix may not fully reflect the importance of pollutant control effectiveness in reducing the PM2.5-related health impacts. To demonstrate that, we study the source-receptor matrix of the PM2.5-related deaths instead, with inclusion of the spatial correlations between the concentrations and the population. The advanced source apportionment numerical model combined with the integrated exposure–response functions is used for BTH and surrounding regions in 2017. We observed that the relative contribution to PM2.5-related deaths of local emissions was 0.75% to 20.77% larger than that of PM2.5 concentrations. Such results address the importance of local emissions control for reducing health impacts of PM2.5 particularly for local residents. Contribution of regional transport to PM2.5-related deaths in rural area was 22% larger than that in urban area due to the spatial pattern of regional transport which was more related to the rural population. This resulted in an environmental inequality in the sense that people staying in rural area with access to less educational resources are subjected to higher impacts from regional transport as compared with their more resourceful and knowledgeable urban compatriots. An unexpected benefit from the multi-regional joint controls is s
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