Unique designed structure of bimetallic cobalt and nickel oxide nanocages with nitrogen doping as bifunctional catalysts
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Unique designed structure of bimetallic cobalt and nickel oxide nanocages with nitrogen doping as bifunctional catalysts Kwanwoo Kim 1 & Jooheon Kim 1 Received: 27 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential to improve the sluggish reaction kinetics during cathodic electrochemical processes. In this study, we successfully developed an open-structure cobalt and nickel bimetallic nanocage (CNBN) by aggregating reduced hydrogen gas. The hollow structures have a catalytic advantage because the inner and outer sites are simultaneously active during the ORR and OER reactions. Moreover, this work demonstrates that the synergy effect exceeds that of simply adding nitrogen (N) such as “ensemble effect.” Our nanocages improve the ORR and OER reactions by allowing electron transfer between active metal atoms and doped N atoms. We studied the electrocatalytic activity of CNBN for ORR and OER in alkaline and found CNBN’s catalytic effectiveness to be comparable to Pt/C and Ir/C catalysts. This approach can be applied to cathodic catalysts for use in metal-air battery storage devices. Keywords Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) . Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) . Crystalline metal oxides . Nitrogen-doped catalysts
Introduction Recently, the development of eco-friendly and renewable energy has attracted attention due to increased energy consumption and fossil fuel depletion [1–3]. Among various energy storage media, metal-air batteries have high energy storage density and use air for the cathode, which allows for an infinite supply of resources. Further, metal-air batteries do not require huge changes in the energy storage industry because they have very similar structures and functions as Li-ion batteries, which are widely used [4]. However, their sluggish kinetics during electrochemical processes has hindered their application in new energy conversion and storage systems [5, 6]. Many previous studies have reported on noble metal catalysts such as Ru/C and Ir/C for oxygen evolution reaction Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-02003829-6. * Jooheon Kim [email protected] 1
School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
(OER) and Pt/C for oxygen reduction reaction (OER), but their expensive and limited sources hindered the catalytic application [7]. To alternate the noble metal for commercial application, the transition metal (Co, Ni)-based materials are explored due to their low cost, high efficiency, and robust stability [8, 9]. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that bimetallic transition metals exhibit higher activities than their single-element counterparts [10, 11]. And Wang et al. reported that the 1:1 ratio of cobalt and nickel in Ni-Co bimetallic oxides was
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