Universal Navigation on Smartphones
Universal navigation is accessible primarily through smart phones providing users with navigation information regardless of the environment (i.e., outdoor or indoor). Universal Navigation on Smartphones provide the most up-to-date navigation technolo
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Hassan A. Karimi
Universal Navigation on Smartphones
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Hassan A. Karimi Geoinformatics Laboratory University of Pittsburgh School of Information Sciences 135 N. Bellefield Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-7740-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7741-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7741-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930261 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Have you ever wondered why navigation systems have become so popular over the past several years? Do you know why navigation services are becoming commonplace on mobile devices, particularly smartphones? The answer to these questions is that with advanced technologies, no one has to get lost while travelling from one location to another. Mobility, or navigation, is a daily activity for all people everywhere, regardless of geographic location, mode of travel, time and duration of travel, travel needs, or travel purposes. Navigation can be a daunting task as transportation networks have become very large and complex over time. Large transportation networks mean increased ambiguities and difficult decisions to be made while in transit. Navigation could be further exacerbated when travelers are unfamiliar with their travelling environments. Ambiguities and navigation decisions, which may involve the whereabouts of an individual at any time during a trip or the step-by-step directions to be followed during a trip, have produced a need for navigation devices to provide navigation assistance. Devices to assist with navigation have been around for decades and over that period, a wide range of technologies such as geo-positioning sensors, mobile computing, and wireless communications have evolved. Of these technologies, the Global Positioning System (GPS) mainly due to its pervasive nature, has had the most impact on navigation systems and services. This impact has been so profound that GPS has become synonymous with navigation, while in reality, it is only one of several components within a navigation system. Today, there are devices for outdoor navigation assistance such as in-car navigation systems (offered as an extra in some vehicles), portable n
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