Unmet Healthcare Needs Among Migrant Populations in Canada: Exploring the Research Landscape Through a Systematic Integr
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REVIEW PAPER
Unmet Healthcare Needs Among Migrant Populations in Canada: Exploring the Research Landscape Through a Systematic Integrative Review Nashit Chowdhury1 · Iffat Naeem1,2 · Mahzabin Ferdous1 · Mohammad Chowdhury1,2 · Suzanne Goopy3 · Nahid Rumana4 · Tanvir C. Turin1,2,5 Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives Migrants are a growing part of the Canadian population, yet they encounter many unmet healthcare needs. These needs arise from the difference between the services deemed necessary, often based on their unique socio-cultural background, and the services actually received. Therefore, a systematic integrative review was conducted to (1) identify the literature on unmet healthcare needs among different migrant populations in Canada, and (2) compile the reported factors associated with these unmet needs in various migrant groups. Design We systematically searched all major databases and grey literature sources. We included original articles that studied unmet healthcare needs among immigrants, refugees, and/or temporary migrants in Canada. Results Thirty-one studies reported unmet healthcare needs among migrants in Canada. We found five categories of unmet needs across different groups of migrants including immigrants, refugees, and temporary migrants. Immigrants and refugees face unique factors that influence the development of unmet needs, such as socio-cultural differences, communication difficulties, and lack of information. Alternatively, temporary migrants have unmet needs due to factors associated with their immigration clauses, such as healthcare coverage being conditional to work permit renewal or precarious living conditions associated with work-related housing. Conclusion Further research is required on unmet needs of migrants that considers the variation of unmet needs and their causal factors within different groups of migrants, in particular, refugee claimants, foreign workers, international students, and elderly migrants. Keywords Unmet needs · Migrants · Immigrants · Refugees · Canada · Immigrant health · Foreign workers · Temporary migrant
Introduction * Tanvir C. Turin [email protected] 1
Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
2
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
3
Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
4
Sleep Center, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
5
Department of Family Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Room G012F, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
Immigrants constitute over one-fifth of the total population of Canada [1]. Temporary residents, such as temporary foreign workers, refugee claimants, and international students, add an additional one million individuals to the migrant population of this country [1]. In addition, Canada has aimed to receive approximately one million immig
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