Uranium speciation and distribution in Shewanella putrefaciens and anaerobic granular sludge in the uranium immobilizati
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Uranium speciation and distribution in Shewanella putrefaciens and anaerobic granular sludge in the uranium immobilization process Feng‑Yu Huang1 · Hai‑Ling Zhang2 · Yong‑Peng Wang2 · Fa‑Cheng Yi1 · Su Feng3 · He‑Xiang Huang2 · Meng‑Xi Cheng2 · Juan Cheng3 · Wen‑Juan Yuan3 · Jie Zhang3 Received: 20 April 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The uranium (U) in Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens) and anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) were fractionated, and the contents and forms of U in each fraction were investigated. The functional groups of microorganisms for U binding and the deposition of U in microbial aggregates were also analyzed. Four main approaches were found involved in U immobilization, including biosorption/complexation by microbial cells and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), non-reductive biomineralization, bioreduction and intracellular accumulation. Results show that non-reductive biomineralization was found to be dominated in the U(VI) immobilization process. Besides, the contribution of EPS to U removal could not be ignored. Keywords Uranium · Speciation · Distribution · Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) · Shewanella putrefaciens · Anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS)
Introduction Uranium (U) contamination in groundwater has been a significant global environmental problem and multidisciplinary studies have been undertaken to solve the problem [1].The traditional methods, like physical or chemical methods [2, 3] might work in removing U in contaminated groundwater, which usually also brought drawbacks, such as difficulties in regenerating media or bringing new chemical pollution [4, Feng-Yu Huang and Hai-Ling Zhang have contributed equally to this work. * Fa‑Cheng Yi [email protected] * Su Feng [email protected] * He‑Xiang Huang [email protected] 1
College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
2
Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621907, Sichuan, China
3
Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resources and Eco‑Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
5]. Comparing with these methods, utilizing microorganisms has drawn more and more attention due to its advantages of sufficient raw materials, low cost, high treatment efficiency and environmentally friendly feature [6–8]. Since the first discovery of anaerobic microorganisms capable of reducing U(VI) in the presence of an electron donor [9], there have been extensive studies on the U removal by microorganisms, including pure cultures (such as mould, Sulfate-reducing bacteria, Shewanella) [4, 10–12] and mixed cultures (such as sediment microcosm, anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS)) [13, 14]. Bacteria could potentially affect U migration by various processes. Four basic mechanisms have been reported involved in bacterial immobilization of U, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, biomineralization and bioreduction [4, 15–17]. These me
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