Uranium in Plants and the Environment
In recent years, radioactive contamination in the environment by uranium (U) and its daughters has caused increasing concerns globally. This book provides recent developments and comprehensive knowledge to the researchers and academicians who are working
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Dharmendra K. Gupta Clemens Walther Editors
Uranium in Plants and the Environment
Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in the Environment Series Editor: Dharmendra K. Gupta Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS) Hannover, Germany Clemens Walther Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS) Hannover, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16207
Dharmendra K. Gupta • Clemens Walther Editors
Uranium in Plants and the Environment
Editors Dharmendra K. Gupta Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS) Hannover, Germany
Clemens Walther Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS) Hannover, Germany
ISSN 2524-7409 ISSN 2524-7417 (electronic) Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in the Environment ISBN 978-3-030-14960-4 ISBN 978-3-030-14961-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14961-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Uranium (U) is the heaviest naturally occurring actinide, existing almost entirely as the primordial isotope 238U (99.27%, half-life of 4.5 billion years), as 235U in minor quantities (0.72%), and as 234U in trace quantities (0.0055%). With an average concentration of 0.0003% (3 mgkg –1) in the Earth’s crust, uranium is present in all soils; in rocks such as volcanic rocks, granites, dark shales, sedimentary rocks that contain phosphate, and metamorphic rocks; and in seawater (3.3 ppb of U by weight (3.3 μgkg–1)). Uranium concentration in the Earth’s c
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