Use of petrological and organic geochemical data in determining hydrocarbon generation potential of coals: miocene coals
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Use of petrological and organic geochemical data in determining hydrocarbon generation potential of coals: miocene coals of Malatya Basin (Eastern Anatolia-Turkey) Nazan Yalcin Erik1
•
Faruk Ay2
Received: 5 March 2020 / Revised: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract With this study, the hydrocarbon generation potential of Miocene aged coals around Arguvan-Parc¸ikan in the northern district of Malatya province was evaluated with the aid of petrological and organic geochemical data. According to organic petrography, coal quality data, and low thermal maturity, the Arguvan-Parc¸ikan coals are of high-ash, highsulfur subbituminous B/C rank. The organic fraction of the coals is mostly comprised of humic group macerals, with small percentages derived from the inertinite and liptinite groups. The mineral matter of the coals is comprised mainly of calcite and clay minerals. The total organic carbon (TOC, wt%) values of the shale and coal samples are between 2.61 wt% and 43.02 wt%, and the hydrogen index values are between 73 and 229 mg HC/g TOC. Pyrolysis (Tmax, PI), huminite/vitrinite reflectance (Ro, %), and biomarker ratios (CPI, Pr/Ph ratio, Ts/(Ts ? Tm) ratio, C32 homohopane ratio (22S/22S ? 22R) and C29 bb/(bb ? aa sterane ratio) indicate that the organic matter of the studied coals is thermally immature. When all these data are taken together, Miocene aged coals around Arguvan are suitable for hydrocarbon generation, especially gas, in terms of organic matter type (Type III and Type II/III mixed), organic matter amount ([ 10 wt% TOC), however, low liptinitic macerals (\ 15%–20%), low hydrogen index (\ 200 mg HC/g TOC) and low thermal maturity values inhibit the hyrocarbon generation. Keywords Arguvan Malatya basin Eastern Anatolia Organic geochemistry Organic petrography Miocene coal
1 Introduction Energy is one of the most fundamental and driving needs of the countries’ social and economic development, and the concepts of ‘‘energy security’’ and ‘‘sustainable energy’’ are the main support for the stability of economic life and for ensuring national security in a global or regional significance. Although the energy consumed in the world today is derived from different sources, fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) have the largest share in these & Nazan Yalcin Erik [email protected] 1
Department of Geological Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
2
Department of Anthropology, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
resources, accounting for nearly 87% (TP Energy Report 2015) of all the sources. Turkey, though quite poor in terms of oil reserves, has different coal reserves in all its geographical regions, notably in Western Anatolia (Tuncalı et al. 2002). However, approximately 68% of the lignite/sub-bituminous coal in Turkey are of low calorific value (nearly \ 1500–2000 kcal/kg) (Palmer et al. 2002; Tuncalı et al. 2002). In Turkey, for which coal is so important in terms of meeting the energy needs, this resource needs to be reeva
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