User-oriented AR assembly guideline: a new classification method of assembly instruction for user cognition
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
User-oriented AR assembly guideline: a new classification method of assembly instruction for user cognition Zhuo Wang 1,2 & Xiaoliang Bai 1,2 & Shusheng Zhang 1 & Yang Wang 3 & Shu Han 1,2 & Xiangyu Zhang 1,2 & Yuxiang Yan 1,2 & Zhishuo Xiong 4 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In augmented reality (AR) assembly, due to the unintuitive expression of the information content of the assembly instructions and the irregular design of the information form, the user’s assembly efficiency is low and the operation error rate is high. This paper elaborates and defines a user-oriented classification method of assembly instructions. This method reclassifies traditional assembly instructions based on the user’s cognitive needs for assembly tasks to improve users’ cognitive efficiency of physical tasks. In this article, the definition of traditional assembly instructions is first reiterated, and the geometrical relationship between it and AR assembly instructions is explained. Then, the definition of AR assembly instructions at the information level is given, the traditional assembly instructions are classified according to this definition, and the explanation of each classification is made. We compared the role of the old and new instructions in typical assembly use cases. The data shows that there are significant differences in performance between the new and old instructions. The new instructions significantly improve the user’s performance in terms of assembly time and operating experience (including enjoyment, concentration, confidence, natural intuition, feasibility, effectiveness, usability, and understandability), through the use of AR instructions on the information level and auxiliary reclassification, so as to achieve efficient and concise operation purposes. In addition, we also discussed the significance of this research and future research directions. Keywords Augmented reality . User cognition . Assembly guideline . Assembly instruction . Classification
1 Introduction Manual assembly is an important part of the product manufacturing process, and users play an important role in manual assembly
* Xiaoliang Bai [email protected] * Shusheng Zhang [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Cyber-Physical Interaction, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2
Cyber-Reality Innovation Centre (China), Nanjing 211200, China
3
AVIC Xinxiang Aviation Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., Xinxiang 453049, China
4
The London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK
tasks [1]. At this stage, due to the unintuitive expression of the information content of the assembly instructions and the irregular design of the information form, some improperly expressed key assembly information is very likely to mislead users. This article discusses how to reclassify traditional assembly instructions based on the cognitive needs of skilled users to improve assembly
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