Using Adaptive Interfaces to Encourage Smart Driving and Their Effect on Driver Workload
In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) aimed at supporting green driving have increased in both number and complexity over the past decade. However, this added information available to the driver raises significant ergonomic concerns for mental workload, d
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Abstract In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) aimed at supporting green driving have increased in both number and complexity over the past decade. However, this added information available to the driver raises significant ergonomic concerns for mental workload, distraction and ultimately driving task performance. Adaptive interfaces offer a potential solution to this problem. The Smart driving system evaluated in this study (which provided in-vehicle, real-time feedback to the driver on both green driving and safety related parameters via a Smartphone application) offers a comparatively simple workload algorithm, while offering complexity in its levels of adaptively on the display, with the theoretical aim to limit driver visual interaction and workload with the system during complex driving environments. Experimental results presented in this paper have shown that using the Smart driving system modulates workload towards manageable levels, by allowing an increase in driver workload when under low task demands (motorway and inter-urban driving) but not increasing workload when it is already at moderate levels (urban driving). Thus suggesting that any increase in workload can be integrated within the driving task using the spare attentional resource the driver has available.
Keywords Green driving In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) workload Adaptive interfaces
Mental
S. Birrell (&) P. Jennings WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK e-mail: [email protected] P. Jennings e-mail: [email protected] M. Young Human-Centred Design Institute, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK e-mail: [email protected] N. Stanton Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 N.A. Stanton et al. (eds.), Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 484, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41682-3_3
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1 Introduction In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) have increased in number and complexity with the advancement of enhanced infotainment features, continuation of brand identity via reconfigurable displays and the connected car. Over the past decade in particular, such motivations have become more and more focused on the environmental and economic costs of road transport [1]. One way in which these costs of driving can be reduced is by adopting an ‘eco-driving’ style, with many manufacturers now offering in-vehicle information displays to provide feedback on such behaviors. Examples are the Ford Fusion Hybrid SmartGauge with EcoGuide, Honda Insight Eco Assist and the Nissan Leaf Eco Indicator (Fig. 1). However, this added information available to the driver raises significant ergonomic concerns for mental workload, distraction and ultimately driving task performance. Meanwhile, road safety remains a high priority alongside these other concerns [2]. In an effort to better understand the potential impact that in
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