Utilization of biodiesel waste in the development of botanical-based floating tablet formulation against early stages of
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ARTICLE
Utilization of biodiesel waste in the development of botanical‑based floating tablet formulation against early stages of mosquitoes Nusrat Iqbal1 · Megha Pant1 · Saurabh Dubey2 · Neeraj Patanjali3 · Neelu kambo4 Received: 28 August 2019 / Revised: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 May 2020 © Zhejiang University Press 2020
Abstract The current paper has elaborated the efficient utilization of liquid biodiesel waste in combination with dillapiole and citronella essential oil as active ingredients. Sawdust, cellulose and hydrophobic silica were used as inert ingredients, which make the tablet to float over the water surface. ATR-FTIR analysis of tablet confirmed the compatibility with citronella oil, dillapiole, liquid biodiesel waste in tablet composition after compression. Physico-chemical analysis studies show that tablet parameters are in standard limits. SEM analysis shows some porous structures in tablet composition which confirms the floating nature of the tablets. The specific ratio (2:2:1) of citronella oil, dillapiole and liquid biodiesel waste showed maximum mortality, i.e. 95% after 24 h. After application, the tablet is nontoxic towards the aquatic organisms and water quality remains unaffected. The better performance of the tablets has been evaluated in terms of characterization studies, viz. ATR-FTIR and SEM studies and bioefficacy trials which confirmed the presence of active ingredients responsible for insecticidal activity. Keywords Biodiesel by-products · Citronella · Dillapiole · Floating tablets · Larvicidal
Introduction The mosquitoes are an important vector for spreading many dangerous diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, yellow fever viruses and other diseases. Synthetic insecticides have been used in mosquito control for many * Saurabh Dubey [email protected] Nusrat Iqbal [email protected] Megha Pant [email protected] Neeraj Patanjali [email protected] Neelu kambo [email protected] 1
Formulation Division, Institute of Pesticide and Formulation Technology, Gurgaon, Haryana 122016, India
2
Centre for Rural Development and Technology (CRDT), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi 110016, India
3
Departments of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi 110060, India
4
Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Kanpur 208001, India
years. As the chemical pesticide is hazardous and causes many negative impacts on the environment and society, ecofriendly and user-friendly control strategies are required for safe use. Many bioactive compounds (phyto-chemicals) have been discovered by the researchers which have good repellent activity against mosquitoes and other insect pests. These botanical-based repellents have very good repellency by influencing the physiology of mosquitoes [1]. Essential oils are a good source of mosquito repellents due to the presence of many concentrated aromatic compounds produced by plants [2]. Essential oils are extracted product from various plant species [3]. E
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