Utilization of Innovative Hydroxyapatite-Coated Gd 2 O 3 @Bi 2 O 3 Nanocomposite as a Bifunctional Material for Magnetic
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Utilization of Innovative Hydroxyapatite-Coated Gd2O3@Bi2O3 Nanocomposite as a Bifunctional Material for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Nahideh Gharehaghaji 1,2 & Baharak Divband 3,4 & Fatemeh Bakhtiari-Asl 5 Accepted: 16 September 2020 / Published online: 23 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Recently, different nanostructures have been investigated as contrast agents for bimodal magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT). In this study, the potentiality of the combined form of the Gd2O3, Bi2O3, and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles for bimodal MRI/CT was examined because of their individual properties. For this purpose, Gd2O3@Bi2O3–HA nanocomposite was synthesized via a two-step method. The structure, size, magnetic property, and the cell viability of the nanocomposite were investigated. MRI and CT were performed to determine the relevant relaxivities and the X-ray attenuation of the nanocomposite, respectively. The paramagnetic nanocomposite had a spherical shape with a size of 20–30 nm. The cell viability data confirmed the cytocompatibility of the nanocomposite. The r1 and r2 relaxivities were calculated as 33.41 and 59.33 mM−1 s−1, respectively, leading to an r2/r1 of 1.7. The r1 relaxivity and the X-ray attenuation of the nanocomposite were higher than those of the commercial contrast media. This study suggests that Gd2O3@Bi2O3–HA nanocomposite, as a novel nanomaterial, has excellent potential for bimodal T1-weighted MRI and CT. Keywords Nanomaterial . Magnetic resonance imaging . Computed tomography . Gadolinium oxide . Bismuth oxide . Hydroxyapatite
1 Introduction Recent developments in nanotechnology have provided the opportunity of using different nanomaterials for biomedical imaging. Nanostructures in the form of paramagnetic gadolinium and manganese-based T1 contrast agents and superparamagnetic iron oxide-based T2 contrast materials have been investigated for developing the contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
* Baharak Divband [email protected] 1
Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3
Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4
Inorganic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz C.P. 51664, Iran
5
Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
[1]. In the case of computed tomography (CT), the high atomic number nanoparticles such as bismuth and gold have been used for CT contrast enhancement. These nanoparticles with a long blood circulation time, an easy surface modification to prepare various multifunctional materials, and their biocompatibility are able to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional contrast agents [2] such as renal toxicity at high concentrations, non-specificity, and short
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