Utilization of Solar Energy and Atmospheric Oxygen in the Photodregradation of Diesel in Water by Cu/TiO 2 Catalysts
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Utilization of Solar Energy and Atmospheric Oxygen in the Photodregradation of Diesel in Water by Cu/TiO2 Catalysts Ma. Manriquez1,*, Grisel Corro2, J. Gonzalo Hernandez3 1 Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Depto. Termodinámica, ESFM IPN, Av. IPN s/n, Edif. 7, 07730 México D.F., Mexico 2 Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.4 sur 104, Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico 3 Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Av. Eje Central No 152, Mexico 0700, D.F. Mexico * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Photocatalytic destruction of the water soluble diesel fraction (WSF) was performed using Cu/TiO2 catalysts. Inexpensive and clean solar light and atmospheric oxygen were used as the energy source and oxidant, respectively. We investigated the effect of Cu species on the formation of a doping energy level between the conduction and valence band in TiO2. Photocatalytic reactions were investigated by monitoring the evolution of WSF as a function of time of solar irradiation by UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. The photocatalytic process in the presence of 5%Cu/TiO2 catalyst, is shown to be quantitatively efficient in the destruction of the water-soluble diesel fraction. The total destruction of water-soluble compounds originating from diesel residues indicates that photocatalysis can be employed for WSF treatment. Key words: Diesel, water, Cu/TiO2 photocatalysts, photo degradation. 1. INTRODUCTION The problem with crude oil and petroleum products pollution of water resources is mainly associated with tank accidents. However, the major oil contamination source in waters is related to human activities such as shipping operations, accidental spills, and corrosion of equipment. Industrial effluents are usually rich in dissolved organic carbon from crude oils, the so-called soluble crude oil fraction (WSF). Conventional technologies, such as biological treatment and carbon adsorption and coagulation are usually used to remove these organic compounds from water before final disposal. However, these technologies may remove the pollutants from the aqueous phase, but do not destroy them, resulting in a problem of subsequent disposal of these contaminants [1-3]. New technologies have been applied with the goal of degrading the crude oil and petroleum products in water. Among these technologies photocatalysis is of special prominence. The most important field in photocatalysis focuses probably on metal oxide semiconductor for degradation of organic pollutants in water at ambient conditions, with use of inexpensive and clean solar light and atmospheric oxygen as the energy source and oxidant, respectively. The main advantage of this method is that many organic pollutants can be mineralized completely into CO2, H2O and inorganic ions. Among various metal oxide semiconductors, TiO2 is the most widely studied photocatalyst, owning to its unique photocatalytic efficiency, low cost, non toxicity, and high stability. The first reaction occurring
in the UV- irradiated TiO
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